再造黄河:治沙、治水与用水模式优化转型

Reinventing the Yellow River:Optimization and Transformation of Sand Control,Water Control and Water Use Pattern

采用“再造黄河”的模式,将治沙、治水和用水有机结合起来,推动黄河治理的优化转型,即用现代系统的方法构建治沙、治水、用水的综合体,协调解决黄河泥沙淤积、水患频仍、流域缺水和高效用水问题,实现水资源利用最大化。在治沙方面,对黄河中上游含沙量大的支流或部分主干道进行人工再造,采用先进、合适的建筑材料再造河床,从而使水流不直接接触并冲刷黄土,同时,适当抬高河堤,阻挡携带泥沙的雨水流入河道,以保持水土、改善水质并减少黄河泥沙输入量,从而保持黄河水的相对清澈,彻底解决黄河携带泥沙过多、下游泥沙淤积、“地上悬河”的危机;在治水和用水方面,在黄河中上游构建分洪(分流)、储水、储能综合系统。这一系统工程可在丰水的年份、季节储水储能,而在缺水的年份、季节弃能供水,满足流域水资源的需求,从而用黄河自身的水满足流域用水需求,不需调用外来水。在光催化制氢技术成熟时可构建水能-氢能储水储能综合系统,既可用水能发电,又可制氢。此外,还对“再造黄河”工程进行了可行性分析,并对工程的综合效益进行了评估。

A comprehensive model is proposed in this paper to optimize the transformation of sand control,water control,and water utilization in the Yellow River.Based on the concept of“Reinventing the Yellow River”and maximizing the utilization of water resources,this model uses modern systematic methods to build a complex system of sand control,water control and water use,and to solve the ecological problems of sediment siltation,frequent floods,water shortage and efficient water use in the river basin.Facing the challenge of sand control,the primary proposal is to artificially reconstruct some branches and main streams in the middle and upper stream of the Yellow River,which have hyper-sediment concentration.The second proposal is to use advanced and suitable riverbed construction materials and avoid water currents washing the losses.The third proposal is to adapt a strategic elevation of the river embankment,which helps prevent the inflow of rainwater carrying sediment into the river,and further bring some good approaches,such as enhancing soil and water conservation,improving water quality,and reducing the volume of sediment entering the Yellow River.These three proposals above can not only keep the Yellow River water relative clear,but also completely solve the issue of excessive sand sediment and the crises of“aboveground river”.Facing the another challenge of water control and water use,a comprehensive system related to flood diversion,water storage and energy storage is proposed to build in the middle and upper stream of the Yellow River.After the completion of this project,this system can store water and energy in the period of abundant water.But in the dry season,this system can release energy storage and provide water supply to meet the demand for water resources in the basin.It is very meaningful of this system to use the Yellow River’s own water to meet the water demand of the basin without the need to transfer external water.If the photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is mature enough,the potential for a combined system of water-hydrogen energy storage could be built,which provide both water-power generation and hydrogen production.Furthermore,this study also analyzes the feasibility and comprehensive benefits of this“Reinventing the Yellow River”project,and exhibits a valuable contribution to the discourse on sustainable water resource management and harness the Yellow River.