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农村劳动力迁移与城乡居民健康人力资本差异

Rural Labor Migration and Healthy Human Capital Differences Between Urban and Rural Residents
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摘要 基于中国家庭营养与健康调查数据(CHNS),选取自评健康、患慢性病、门诊就诊和住院情况等作为健康的衡量指标,实证分析了农村留守人员、农村迁移劳动力以及城镇居民的健康人力资本差异,并在一定程度上验证了农村劳动力迁移的健康选择效应以及迁移经历对健康的损耗效应。研究发现,农村劳动力迁移过程中同时存在健康选择效应与健康损耗效应,并且二者共同作用会对城乡居民的健康差异产生影响。相对于农村留守人员来说,农村迁移劳动力综合健康水平更差,自评健康水平更低,慢性病患病率相对更高,而城镇居民则具有显著的健康优势。综合来看,流动经历或流动的生活方式可能会扩大中国城乡居民的健康差异。为保障人民健康,改善农村迁移劳动力的健康状况,应通过户籍制度改革、统筹城乡资源分配等多种途径缩小城乡居民的健康差异。 Based on the statistics of the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS),this paper selects self-rated health,chronic diseases,outpatient visits and hospitalizations as health measurement indicators,empirically analyzes the differences in health and human capital of rural left-behind personnel,rural migrant labor force and urban residents,and verifies the healthy choice effect of rural labor migration and the loss effect of migration experiences on health to a certain extent.The study found that there are both health selection effect and health loss effect in the process of rural labor migration,and the combined effect of both will have an impact on the health differences of urban and rural residents.Compared with rural left-behind personnel,rural migrant labor force has worse comprehensive health level,lower self-rated health level,and relatively higher prevalence of chronic diseases,while urban residents have significant health advantages.Taken together,mobile experiences or mobile lifestyles may amplify health differences between urban and rural residents in China.In order to protect people’s health and improve the health status of rural migrant labor force,the health differences between urban and rural residents should be narrowed through multiple ways,such as the reform of household registration system and the overall allocation of urban and rural resources.
作者 樊敏杰 张祎萌 杨蕊 FAN Minjie;ZHANG Yimeng;YANG Rui(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处 《开发研究》 2023年第4期104-118,共15页 Research On Development
基金 河南省软科学研究项目“河南省财政卫生支出与健康不平等问题研究”(222400410618) 河南省哲学社会科学规划项目“河南省健康扶贫与乡村振兴耦合协同及接续机制研究”(2022BJJ013) 河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划“新型城镇化背景下农村劳动力迁移问题研究——基于健康人力资本的视角”(2020GGJS116)。
关键词 人口流动 农村迁移劳动力 健康人力资本 城乡差异 population mobility rural migrant labor force healthy human capital urban-rural differences
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