胸腺素β4在治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制及进展

The Mechanism and Progress of Thymosin β4 in the Treatment of Isch⁃emic Stroke

胸腺素β4是一种由43个氨基酸残基组成的小分子肽,存在于各种组织中,在大脑、肝脏、肾脏、睾丸、心肌、血小板和白细胞中高度表达,其中Tβ4的前四个氨基酸具有调节抗炎和抗纤维化作用:1~15氨基酸片段可抑制细胞凋亡,减少对细胞的毒性诱导损伤。由氨基酸17~23编码的活性片段触发血管生成和毛囊生长。胸腺素β4作为人体内主要的肌动蛋白调节分子之一,具有多重生物学功能,在以往研究中已证实其具有促进组织再生、重塑、创伤愈合的作用,在维持肌动蛋白平衡、肿瘤发病与转移、细胞凋亡、炎症、血管生成、毛囊发育等生理病理过程中扮演着极为重要的角色,近年来多位学者报道了其神经保护作用,可作为神经损伤和神经退行性疾病的修复/再生疗法。本文将综述胸腺素β4在缺血性卒中治疗中的作用机制及在临床应用中的前景。

Thymosin β4 is a small molecular peptide composed of 43 amino acid residues,which exists in various tissues and is highly expressed in brain,liver,kidney,testis,myocardium,platelets and white blood cells,in which the first four amino acids of Tβ4 have regulatory anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects:the 1-15 amino acid fragments can inhibit apoptosis and reduce toxic induced damage to cells.Active fragments encoded by amino acids 17-23 trigger angiogenesis and hair follicle growth.As one of the main actin regulatory molecules in human body,thymosin β4 has multiple biological functions.Previous studies have confirmed that it can promote tissue regeneration,remodeling and wound healing,and plays an extremely important role in the maintenance of actin balance,tumor pathogenesis and metastasis,apoptosis,inflammation,angiogenesis,hair follicle development and other physiological and pathological processes.In recent years,many scholars have reported its neuroprotective effect,which can be used as a repair/regenerative therapy for nerve injury and neurodegenerative diseases.This article will review the mechanism of thymosin β4 in the treatment of ischemic stroke and the prospect of its clinical application.