特应性皮炎患儿482例血清过敏原检测结果分析

Analysis of serum allergen detection results in 482 children with atopic dermatitis

目的 探讨特应性皮炎(AD)患儿血清过敏原分布特征,为重庆地区AD的预防与治疗提供参考依据。方法 选取2018年12月至2021年12月该院皮肤科就诊的12岁以下AD患儿482例,对血清总免疫球蛋白E(IgE)和特异性IgE检测结果进行分析。结果 482例AD患儿中,血清总IgE抗体阳性394例(81.74%),特异性IgE抗体阳性337例(69.92%)。<3岁AD患儿特异性IgE抗体阳性率分别与>3~6岁及>6~12岁AD患儿比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在337例特异性IgE抗体阳性患儿中,1种过敏原42例(12.46%),2种过敏原74例(21.96%),3种过敏原85例(25.22%),4种及以上过敏原136例(40.36%)。337例特异性IgE抗体阳性患儿主要以吸入性过敏原为主。尘螨组合和屋尘阳性率均显著高于吸入性过敏原平均阳性率(P<0.05)。黄豆和鸡蛋白阳性率均显著高于食入性过敏原平均阳性率(P<0.05)。结论 大多数AD患儿有血清总IgE和特异性IgE水平均升高等症状,检测血清特异性IgE可帮助临床发现AD患儿过敏原,尘螨组合、黄豆、屋尘和鸡蛋白是引起该地区AD患儿发病的重要原因。

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of serum allergens in children with atopic dermatitis(AD),and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of AD in Chongqing.Methods A total of 482 AD children under 12 years old who were treated in the Department of Dermatology of the hospital from December 2018 to December 2021 were selected,and the detection results of serum total immunoglobulin E(IgE)and specific IgE were analyzed.Results Among the 482 children with AD,394 cases(81.74%)were positive for total IgE antibody and 337 cases(69.92%)were positive for specific IgE antibody.The positive rates of specific IgE antibody in children with AD under three years old was not significantly different from that in children with AD aged>3-6 years and>6-12 years old respectively(P>0.05).Among 337 cases of specific IgE antibody positive children,there were 42 cases(12.46%)of one allergen,74 cases(21.96%)of two allergens,85 cases(25.22%)of three allergens,and 136 cases(40.36%)of four or more allergens.The 337 cases of specific IgE antibody positive children were mainly characterized by inhalation allergens.The positive rates of dust mite combination and house dust were significantly higher than the average positive rates of inhaled allergens(P<0.05),while the positive rates of soybean and egg white were significantly higher than the average positive rates of ingested allergens(P<0.05).Conclusion Most children with AD have symptoms of elevated serum total IgE and specific IgE levels,and detecting serum specific IgE can help clinical detection of allergens in AD children.The combination of dust mites,soybeans,house dust,and egg protein are important causes of AD in children in this region.