论20世纪上半叶中国“美术馆”概念的生成

On the Birth of the Concept of the Chinese "Art Museumin the First Half of the 20th Century

当下中国,在学术研究层面,美术馆多被等同于艺术博物馆,但在实践层面,美术馆的面貌却并不统一,许多机构并无健全的收藏机制和固定陈列品,更类似于展览馆。这种学术与实践分离的状态,与中国社会“美术馆”概念的生成密切相关。20世纪上半叶,“美术馆”在汉语词汇系统中出现,主要包含两层含义:一是收藏展示各类美术作品的艺术博物馆,二是源自商品博览会的美术展览馆。在经世致用的时代思潮下,学者们怀揣艺术博物馆的理想与规划,但在实际操作层面,美术馆却多成为美术教育展览馆。中国的美术馆具有独特的历史进程,不能笼统将之置于博物馆学的理论框架下。

"Art museums"are often included in the category of museums in academic research.However,the appearance of"art museums"is not uniform at a practical level in contemporary China.Many institutions do not have collection and exhibition mechanisms,and are thus similar to"exhibition halls".This state of separation between the academic and the practical is closely related to the emergence of the concept of the"art museum"in China.Throughout the first half of the 20th century,"art museum"was endowed with two meanings in the Chinese vocabulary.The first is the"art museum"which collects and displays various works of art;the second is the art gallery,derived from the commodity fair.In the face of scholars'ideals and plans for an"art museum",the latter has mostly become an"art education exhibition hall"in the context of our era of practical use.Chinese"art museums"have a unique historical process and cannot therefore be generally placed under the theoretical framework of"museology".