ChatGPT与奇点临近——论查尔莫斯人工智能奇点的哲学论证

ChatGPT and the Singularity Is Near:On the Chalmers'philosophical argument for the singularity of artificial intelligence

ChatGPT在全球范围内的热议将奇点问题重新带入到人们的视野中,似乎改变人类历史的奇点提前来临。著名哲学家查尔莫斯对人工智能领域出现超级智能进而导致的奇点做了哲学上的论证。在没有击败者和忽略时间因素的情况下,他认为人工智能奇点是可能存在的,因为人类在制造出与其智能相当的AI以及超出人类平均智能水平的AI+之后,AI+将会通过自我改进和放大的能力制造出比自己智能水平更高的超级智能AI++。尽管对查尔莫斯的论证存在很多质疑,但均超出了哲学的界限。从哲学的角度来看,人工智能奇点会以两条截然对立的路径出现,分别是超人类主义导向和后人类主义导向的人工智能奇点。这两类奇点的区分拓展了查尔莫斯关于人工智能奇点的哲学论证。

ChatGPT's global buzz has brought the singularity issue back into the limelight,as if the singularity that could change human history came early.The famous philosopher Chalmers makes a philosophical argument for the emergence of superintelligence and thus the singularity in the field of artificial intelligence.Without a defeater and ignoring the time factor,he argues that the AI singularity is possible because after humans create AI that equivalent to human intelligence and AI+that exceeds the average human intelligence,the AI+will create superintelligent AI++that is more intelligent than itself through its ability to improve and amplify itself.Although there are many challenges to Chalmers arguments,they all go beyond the boundaries of philosophy.From a philosophical perspective,the AI singularity will emerge in two diametrically opposed paths,which are transhumanist-oriented and posthumanist-oriented AI singularities,and the distinction between these two types of singularities expands Chalmers'philosophical arguments about the AI singularity.