空间引力波探测综述与拟解决的科学问题

Review and Scientific Objectives of Spaceborne Gravitational Wave Detection Missions

空间引力波探测将为人类探索宇宙打开中低频段(0.1 mHz~1 Hz)引力波观测的新窗口,这个频段的引力波事件被认为具有更重要的天文学、宇宙学以及物理学意义。其典型的波源包括超大和中等质量黑洞双星的并合、极端和中等质量比黑洞双星的绕转、银河系内数以百万计的致密双星系统以及随机引力波背景等,为研究宇宙起源与演化、黑洞形成与结构、引力和时空本质、暗能量和暗物质属性等提供了全新的方法和手段。21世纪以来,欧美联合的LISA计划成功发射了技术验证卫星LISA探路者,目前LISA计划已进入工程实施阶段,中国太极计划和天琴计划也相继发射了技术实验卫星太极一号和天琴一号,标志着空间引力波探测进入了全新的发展阶段。本文主要概述近年来国内外发展态势,详细凝炼空间引力波探测与研究的科学目标和未来发展的重点领域,系统优化引力波天文学、引力波物理学以及引力波宇宙学等相关学科布局,重点阐述推进空间引力波探测与研究的重要意义和发展战略。

Spaceborne gravitational wave detection will open a new window for us to observe our universe by gravitational wave messenger in low frequency band(0.1 mHz to 1 Hz).It was believed the gravitational wave events in such frequencies have more significances in astronomy,cosmology and fundamental physics.The typical Sources include massive(intermediate)black hole mergers,extreme(intermediate)mass ration inspirals,galactic binaries and stochastic gravitational wave background.Those gravitational wave provide unique methods to study the origin and evolution of the universe,the formation and structure of the black hole,the nature of gravity and spacetime,dark matter,dark energy,etc.In recent years,the ESA-NASA joint mission LISA project had successfully launched its technology demonstration mission the LISA pathfinder and LISA had already enter phase B stage.The Chinese spaceborne gravitational wave missions such as Taiji and Tianqin also launched their technology verification satellites Taiji-1 and Tianqin-1.In this paper,we briefly introduce the recent domestic and international development trends on spaceborne gravitational wave detections,and refine in detail the scientific goals and key research fields in future development for the spaceborne gravitational wave detection and investigation.It is optimized systematically the gravitational wave astronomy and gravitational wave physics as well as gravitational wave cosmology and other relevant disciplinary layout.It is emphasized the importance and development strategy for promoting the spaceborne gravitational wave detection and research.