空间风化对C型小行星的光谱影响研究概述

Review of the Spectral Effects of Space Weathering on C-type Asteroids

C型小行星主要由硅酸盐矿物和含碳有机质组成,保存了太阳系形成初期的原始物质,是认识太阳系形成初期的重要物质,对研究水和生命起源与演化具有重要科学意义。目前对小行星物质组成的认识主要基于光谱特征分析,但长期的空间风化作用会改变小行星表面物质的光谱特征,所以认识小行星的物质组成需要准确厘清空间风化对光谱的影响。随着中国小行星探测工程的推进,迫切需要深入认识C型小行星的光谱特征及对空间风化的响应规律。为此,分析了C型小行星的反射率、水和有机质吸收等光谱特征以及空间风化的影响,提出研究存在的主要问题,进而指出了该研究方向的未来发展趋势和研究重点。

C-type asteroids are mainly composed of silicates and carbon-rich organic matter,which preserve the original materials of the early formation of solar system.They are important clues to understand the early formation of the solar system,and have important scientific significance for revealing the origin and evolution of water and life.At present,the understanding of the composition characteristics of asteroids is mainly based on spectral characteristics analysis.However,the long-term space weathering will change the spectral characteristics,so the understanding of the composition of asteroids needs to accurately clarify the effects of space weathering on the spectra.With the advancement of the asteroid exploration in China,it is necessary to understand the spectral characteristics and variation rules of C-type asteroids.This paper summarizes the spectral characteristics of C-type asteroids(e.g.,the reflectance spectra,absorption of water and organic matter)and the influence of space weathering on C-type asteroid,analyzes the main problems existing in the research,and points out the future development trend and research focus of this research direction.