北京市昆虫丰富度及其环境影响因子

Insect richness and its environmental impact factors in Beijing

为有效保护北京市昆虫多样性,在调查和收集整理北京市昆虫物种分布名录的基础上,基于区级尺度研究北京市昆虫分布格局,通过回归模型和多层次方差分解等方法探讨昆虫丰富度与环境因子的关系。结果显示,北京市昆虫物种有29目409科5259种,其中门头沟区昆虫物种数最多,为18目243科2232种,东城区昆虫物种数最少,为8目34科68种,表现为山区昆虫多样性明显高于平原区和城区。影响昆虫科丰富度的主要因素为最高月降水量、森林覆盖率和昼夜温差月平均值;影响昆虫种丰富度的主要因素为路网密度、最高月降水量、昼夜温差月平均值和年平均气温。不论是在昆虫科或种阶元上,最高月降水量和昼夜温差月平均值对昆虫丰富度的解释能力最显著,说明降水和温度因子对昆虫分布有强限制性。表明昆虫丰富度及其分布格局是由不同环境因子共同作用的结果,降水和温度的变化对北京市昆虫丰富度有决定性的影响。

To effectively protect the diversity of insects in Beijing,based on the survey and collection of insect species in Beijing,the distribution patterns of insects were calculated at the district scale.Regression models and multi-level variance analysis were performed to screen the major environmental factors affecting the distribution patterns of insects.In total,there were 5259 insect species belonging to 409 families and 29 orders in Beijing.The Mentougou district showed the maximum richness of insect species,2232 species belonging to 243 families and 18 orders,and the minimum richness of insect species was found in the Dongcheng District,with 68 species,34 families and eight orders.The diversity in mountainous areas was significantly higher than that in plain areas and urban areas.At the district scale,the maximum monthly precipitation,forest cover rate,and mean monthly temperature difference between day and night were the best factors to explain the patterns of insect families in Beijing,while road network density,the maximum monthly precipitation,mean monthly temperature difference between day and night,and annual mean temperature were the best factors to explain the patterns of insect species in Beijing.Whichever level of insect family or species,maximum monthly precipitation and mean monthly temperature difference between day and night were the most significant factor to explain the distribution patterns of insect richness,indicating that precipitation and temperature imposed a strong limitation on the distribution of insects.This study suggested that the distribution patterns of insect abundance are affected by different environmental factors,and precipitation and temperature play the key role in the abundance of insects in Beijing.