职业异质性视角下城镇居民最优闲暇时间问题研究

Research on Optimal Leisure Time of Urban Residents from the Perspective of Occupational Heterogeneity

在考虑职业异质性的基础上,利用2017年中国时间利用调查(CTUS)与中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)的匹配数据考察了休闲时间对城镇居民工作绩效的影响。研究发现:(1)休闲时间对城镇居民工作绩效呈现出倒“U”型的非线性影响,促使城镇居民工作绩效最优的日均闲暇时间为4.71小时;(2)通过对比农业、传统服务业、传统制造业和现代服务业四种典型职业的实证分析发现,传统服务业和制造业员工的休闲时间对其工作绩效的促进作用并不显著,促使城镇居民工作绩效最优的农业和现代服务业员工的日均休闲时间分别为4.86和4.17小时;(3)机制检验表明,幸福感效应、健康效应和人力资本效应是休闲时间提高城镇居民工作绩效的作用通道。因此要合理配置日常时间安排,充分重视休闲时间对不同职业城镇居民的积极作用,以提高工作绩效,实现高质量就业。

This paper examines the impact of leisure time on urban residents’work performance using matched data from the 2017 China Time Use Survey(CTUS)and the 2017 China Household Finance Survey(CHFS),taking into account occupational heterogeneity.Fristly,leisure time has an“inverted U-shaped”non-linear effect on urban residents’work performance,and the average daily leisure time that contributes to the optimal work performance of urban residents is 4.71 hours.Secondly,the empirical analysis of four typical occupations,namely,agriculture,traditional service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and modern service industry,shows that the leisure time of traditional service industry and manufacturing industry employees does not contribute significantly to their work performance,and the average daily leisure time of agriculture and modern service industry employees that contribute to the optimal work performance of urban residents is 4.86 and 4.17 hours,respectively.Thirdly,the mechanism test indicates that the happiness effect,health effect and human capital effect are the channels through which leisure time improves the work performance of urban residents.The article argues that the daily time schedule should be rationally configured and the positive effects of leisure time on urban residents of different occupations should be fully valued in order to improve job performance and achieve high-quality employment.