先进引信技术的发展与展望

Development and prospect of advanced fuze technology

引信是集通信交互、传感探测、信息处理、控制执行等诸多功能于一体的高密度集成小型光机电系统,是武器装备弹药的“大脑”,是决定弹药毁伤效果的关键.先进引信技术始终是世界主要国家大力发展和激烈竞争的关键技术领域.本文首先对先进引信的技术研究进行了综述,介绍了近10年来引信在信息交联、末端探测、目标识别、瞬态控制四大基础方向和微小型化、多功能化、多源复合抗干扰三大应用方向的技术演进.在此基础上,本文提出了未来先进引信技术发展的五个战略方向:基于全寿命安全设计提高安全、基于抗干扰量子探测提高可靠性、基于快激活高能量电源提高动力、基于专用类脑架构处理器提高算力、基于引信战斗部一体化设计提高毁伤效能,为未来引信技术的发展提供参考借鉴.

Fuze is a small,highly integrated optical electromechanical system used in communication interaction,sensing detection,information processing,and control and execution.It is the“brain”of weapons and the key to the destructive effect of ammunition.Advanced fuze technology is an important technical field for major military powers.In this paper,the research on advanced fuze technology is summarized,and the development of fuze over the past ten years is outlined for four basic aspects:Information crosslinking,terminal detection,target recognition,and transient control.Regarding information crosslinking,basic technological research on the two stages from wired loading to nonwired loading has matured,and its compatibility with various weapon platforms and ammunition types has been systematically studied in engineering.The development of this field is increasingly dependent on advancements in wireless energy-information transmission in nanomaterials,functional devices,transmission systems,and so on.The essential difficulty in terminal detection is the coupling of various forms of interference.The basic characteristics of detection methods such as millimeter wave,laser,ferromagnetic,and penetration acceleration detection have been studied under different types of interference.Future development depends on exploring new physical mechanisms,such as the quantum detection effect,and new information theories,such as multi-source information fusion perception.Regarding target identification,empirical rule criteria enable the determination of typical targets in artificial intelligence identification for the two primary initiation systems of near blast and penetration.In the future,enhancing the compatibility of highperformance artificial intelligence identification algorithms and weak hardware resources of the fuze is important.In transient control,the traditional open-loop control architecture of the three independent links of detection,status,and detonation is replaced with a new three-way cascade control architecture.Future development should focus on improving the basic database construction and specialized hardware design of the triple cascade control architecture to promote its application in advanced fuze equipment.The evolution of fuze technology is then described in terms of three applications:miniaturization,multi-function,and multi-source compound anti-jamming.Understanding fuze development in China and abroad and the existing equipment enables us to foresee the direction of the advancement of fuze.The modular design concept will be used in fuze full-life safety design.Advanced quantum detection technology affords higher reliability than traditional terminal detection and target recognition technologies.The development of battery technology provides fuze with a stronger power source;the increased computing power of special brain-like architecture processors will aid in advancing the information crosslinking and target recognition technologies of the fuze.The integrated design of a fuze warhead will significantly impact its transient control technology,and maximum control of damage efficiency can be achieved using the approximate solution of nonlinear optimization problems.