论杜甫《绝句》(“两个黄鹂”)的赏析与评价

On the Appreciation and Evaluation of Du Fu's"Jueju"("Two Orioles")

杜甫名作《绝句》(“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”)无论是在内容理解、思想情感还是艺术技巧方面都有着诸多不同解读与评价。诗中的季节,有人以为是春季,有人以为是四季景象;在情感倾向上,有人以为它是首欢快的诗篇,有人说它情感复杂,掺杂着乡愁,甚至充满着苦闷和压抑;有人以为它写出了诗人重获定居生活的喜悦,有人则认为它传达着将要离开的征兆;在艺术水准上,有人以为它诗艺高超,有人断定它割裂破碎,甚而是杜甫粗率的写作;有人以为它过于单调,有人则以为它富于变化。从典故运用、“泊”“万里”的文本细读,以及创作心态、诗歌写作规则等方面综合分析可知,这首诗的内涵并没有那么复杂,它是一首春季返回草堂的喜悦之歌,其中蕴含着平定叛乱后的喜悦。从诗歌艺术表达上看,它既借景抒情,又景中有人;景物构图方法独特,焦点透视与散点透视相结合;句法并列对偶,然而又富于变化,绝非单调破碎的平庸之作。

Du Fu's famous work"Jueju"("Two orioles singing green willows")has varied interpretation and evaluation in terms of content understanding,thought and emotion and artistic skills.The seasons in the poem,some people think it is spring,some people think it is the four seasons;in terms of emotional tendency,some people think it is a cheerful poem,some people say it is complicated,mixed with homesickness,even full of bitterness and depression;some people think it expressed the joy of the poet's return to settled life,others think it conveyed the signs of his departure;on the artistic level,some people think that it is highly skilled in poetry,some people judge that it is fragmented,even is Du Fu's rough writing;some people think it is too monotonous,others think it is full of variety.From the use of allusions,the close reading of the text of"anchoring"and"miles",as well as the comprehensive analysis of the creation mentality and the rules of poetry writing,we can see that the meaning of the poem is not so complicated,it is a song of joy of the spring returning to the cottage,which contains the joy of having suppressed the rebellion.From the artistic expression of poetry,it not only borrows scenes to express emotion,but also has people in scenes;the method of scene composition is unique,which combines focus perspective and scatter perspective.Its syntactic juxtaposition and duality,yet rich in variation,so it is not a monotonous and fragmented mediocre work.