面向电动汽车的分布式储能主动汇聚与协同优化方法研究

Research on active convergence and collaborative optimization method of distributed energy storage for electric vehicles

分布式储能在支撑原有配置需求的基础上具有一定的闲置容量和闲置时间,若能汇聚这部分闲置储能形成规模化的储能集群,将能为电网提供多类型辅助服务.以电动汽车(EV)这一特殊分布式储能为例,研究考虑个体有限理性特征下的微电网运营商(MGO)对主动电动汽车的汇聚方案:首先,建立含主动EV的系统架构,设计了微电网营运商与主动EV之间的互动流程;然后,基于EV的实际出行需求,利用灵活充放电范围理论建立统一化的EV约束模型;考虑现实EV用户的有限理性特征,采用前景理论对其进行有限理性建模;最后,将MGO和主动EV之间的互动过程建立为斯塔克伯格博弈(Stackelberg game)模型并验证了博弈均衡解的存在性和唯一性.算例基于一个商/居型并网微网,验证了所提模型能有效汇聚分布式EV储能,促进可再生能源发电就地消纳.

Distributed energy storage has a certain idle capacity and idle time on the basis of supporting the original configuration requirements.If this part of idle energy storage can be aggregated to form a large-scale energy storage cluster,it will be able to provide various types of auxiliary services for the power grid.Taking electric vehicle(EV)as a special distributed energy storage as an example,this paper studies the aggregation scheme of active EV by microgrid operator(MGO)considering individual bounded rationality.Firstly,the system architecture containing active EV is established,and the interaction process between MGO and active EV is designed.Then,based on the actual travel demand of electric vehicle,a unified EV constraint model is established by using the flexible charging and discharging area theory.Considering the bounded rationality characteristics of real EV users,the prospect theory is used to model them.Finally,the interaction process between MGO and active EV is modeled as a Stackelberg game model and the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution are verified.The example verifies that the proposed model can effectively aggregate distributed EV energy storage to promote the local consumption of renewable energy generation based on a commercial/residential gridconnected microgrid.