科技自立自强生态系统:系统重构、靶向催化及赶超机制

Technological Self-Reliance and Self-Improvement Ecosystem:System Restructuring,Targeted Catalysis,and Catch-up Mechanisms

在国际政治环境纷繁多变、科技竞争态势激烈、创新合作前景堪忧背景下,迫切需要在关键科技领域实现高水平的科技自立自强。传统创新生态系统理论具有主体自发、导向性弱和动力内生等特点,用来指导具有目标导向性强(突破和赶超)、政府参与度高(新型举国体制)、外源动力足(不局限于市场驱动)等特征的科技自立自强的实现显得过于温和。在创新生态系统基础上重构形成科技自立自强生态系统,并研究其靶向催化、非对称赶超以及跟踪调节机制。首先,基于传统创新生态系统结构和机理,打破虚实界限重构形成科技自立自强生态系统,并研究系统要素结构、内生动力和运行机理。其次,以科技自立自强生态系统为核心厘清其所需的个性化政策环境,定向研究相关政策的调节催化机制。再次,从赶超位置、运行调节机理和未来演化路径等方面研究科技自立自强生态系统“非对称”赶超机制。最后,界定科技自立自强生态系统赶超跃升过程中的演进阶段,并制定科学的调整策略和纠偏机制。

Against the backdrop of the ever-changing international political environment,fierce competition in science and technology(S&T),and worrisome prospects for innovation and cooperation,there is an urgent need to achieve high-level S&T self-reliance and self-improvement in key fields.The traditional innovation ecosystem theory has the characteristics of spontaneous subject,weak guidance and en-dogenous motivation,so it is too mild to guide the realization of S&T self-reliance and self-improvement which has the characteristics of strong goal-oriented(breakthrough and catch-up),high government participation(new nationwide mecha-nism),and strong external motivation(not limited to market drive).In this paper,a self-reliance and self-improvement ecosystem of S&T is reconstructed on the basis of innovation ecosystem,and its targeted catalysis,asymmetric catch-up and tracking regulation mechanisms are studied.Firstly,based on the structure and mechanism of the traditional innovation ecosystem,this paper breaks the boundary between the virtual and the real and reconstructs the self-reliance and self-improvement ecosystem of S&T,and studies the structure of system elements,the endogenous motivation and the operating mechanism.The self-reliant and self-strengthening ecosystem of S&T after reconstruction mainly has the characteristics of breaking the boundary between virtual and real,crossing the double gap,and establishing the element cycle.The dynamic mechanism of the system is reconstructed from the perspectives of building capability flywheel,strengthening bottleneck force and aggregating jump force.Starting from the identification of interdependent activities,the system operation mechanism such as the co-development mechanism of elements and the co-creation mechanism of main value is constructed.Secondly,take the S&T self-reliance and self-improvement ecosystem as the core to clarify the required individualized policy environment,and conduct research on the regulation and catalytic mechanism of relevant policies.Through activating strategic S&T forces,building high-level scientific research consortium-coupling internal and external innovation resource-the interaction level between the main members of the system and the operating environment is improved.Evaluate and improve the policy effectiveness of talent project management,S&T evaluation system,and achievement transformation mechanism.Research on the positioning of catalytic targets and the creation of catalytic conditions to carry out systematic targeted catalysis.Thirdly,the"asymmetric"catch-up mechanism of the S&T self-reliance and self-improvement ecosystem is studied from the aspects of catch-up position,operation regulation mechanism and future evolution path.From the perspectives of catch-up convergence,possibility and urgency,this paper analyzes the coordinate positioning of self-reliant ecosystem in key S&T fields.In view of different scenarios in different stages of catch-up in the same S&T field,there are different serial catch-up paths,parallel catch-up paths and reverse catch-up paths.Finally,define the evolution stage of the S&T self-reliance and self-improvement ecosystem in the process of catching up and surpassing the leap,and formulate scientific adjustment strategies and correction mechanisms to ensure the long-term development.The evolution stage of the system is defined,the characteristics of the evolution stage are studied and the jumping mark of the stage is demonstrated.In the operation of the system,the scanning and tracking mechanism is studied,monitoring indicators are designed,and problems are identified and diagnosed.In the"growth period","adjustment period"and"steady period"of the system,the diagnosis is promoted,the intervention is guided and the jump is led.