国家科技治理现代化评价模型及实证研究——中国与G7国家的比较

The Evaluation Model and Empirical Study of National Science and Technology Governance Modernization:A Comparison between China and G7 Countries

国家科技治理现代化评价对国家宏观科技管理具有指引作用。从系统科学的角度,将国家科技治理体系作为一个系统来解读,解构体系的要素、结构、功能,阐述了国家科技治理现代化的内涵,并据此建立要素深化、结构优化与功能进化3个维度的国家科技治理体系现代化评价体系,采用循环修正思路对2008-2018年中国与G7国家的科技治理体系现代化进行实证研究。结果发现:(1)功能进化是影响国家科技治理体系现代化的首要因素;(2)中国与G7国家的科技治理体系现代化整体呈现出“均衡型”、“功能不适型”、“结构失调型”和“结构领跑型”4种类型;(3)中国的国家科技治理体系现代化是“结构领跑型”,资源配置结构比较合理,但要素深化和功能进化水平有待提升。

The modernization of the national science and technology governance system is an important component of the modernization of the national governance system and an urgent requirement for enhancing the overall efficiency of the national innovation system.The current progress of China's modernization of the science and technology governance system,as well as its advantages and disadvantages compared to developed economies,remains unanswered.Therefore,based on the theoretical research on the modernization of science and technology governance systems,this paper constructs an evaluation system for the modernization of the national science and technology governance system,with the framework of"deepening elements-optimizing structures-evolving functions."Through empirical research comparing China with G7 countries,this paper aims to clarify the level and weaknesses of China's modernization of the science and technology governance system.The paper begins by deconstructing the elements,structures,and functions of the science and technology governance system from the perspective of systems science.It clarifies that the modernization of the science and technology governance system is an ongoing process of system optimization.Furthermore,it proposes an analytical framework of"deepening ele-ments-optimizing structures-evolving functions."Next,based on this framework,an evaluation index system for the modernization of the science and technology governance system is constructed,comprising 24 secondary indicators after the introduction of new indicators related to functional evolution.Subsequently,an empirical study is conducted on the modernization of the science and technology governance systems in China and G7 countries from 2008 to 2018,using a cyclic correction approach.The specific steps are as follows:(1)Removing indicators that lack representativeness and operability,and normalizing the remaining indicators.(2)Employing subjective evaluation methods such as the G1 method,entropy method,and mean square deviation method for element and structure evaluation.(3)Estimating the functional evolution indicators through in-dicator correlation analysis.(4)Obtaining a single evaluation result for the modernization of the science and technology governance system.(5)Conducting Kendall consistency tests to determine if the single evaluation result passes the test.(6)Applying the fuzzy Borda method for combined evaluation of the three results that pass the consistency test.Based on the weighting results of the single method evaluation,the three methods show relatively consistent results.The functional evolution indicators have the highest weight,indicating that functional evolution is the primary factor in-fluencing the modernization of the national science and technology governance system.After passing the Kendall test,the fuzzy Borda method results indicate that France,the United States,and Germany rank first,second,and third,respectively,in terms of the modernization of their national science and technology governance systems.China ranks fourth,while the United Kingdom,Canada,Japan,and Italy rank fifth,sixth,seventh,and eighth,respectively.Based on the characteristics of the scores at the target layer,the modernization of the national science and technology governance systems is classified into four types:"balanced type,""functional mismatch type,""structural imbalance type,"and"structural leadership type."This classification helps identify the strengths and weaknesses of each country.China belongs to the"structural leadership type"category,indicating a lower level of deepening elements.Further analysis of the secondary indicators for deepening elements reveals disparities in the scores of indicators related to democratization of governance entities and institutionalization of governance rules compared to other countries.The paper makes two key contributions.Firstly,it enriches the theoretical research on the modernization of science and technology governance systems by adopting a systems science perspective.It clarifies that the modernization of the science and technology governance system is an ongoing process of"cross-system"coordination and adaptation.It emphasizes the importance of continuous improvement through deepening elements and optimizing structures in response to the requirements of functional evolution.Secondly,the paper identifies the level and weaknesses of China's modernization of the science and technology governance system.This understanding is crucial for the central government to grasp the implementation status of science and technology governance modernization.It provides a basis for decision-making regarding institutional and mechanism reforms.