科技政策、企业自主创新与创新决策

Science and Technology Policy,Enterprise Independent Innovation and Innovation Decision

以2006年《国家中长期科学技术发展规划纲要(2006—2020)》这一科技政策的实施为准自然实验,基于2003—2016年我国A股上市公司面板数据,采用倾向得分匹配和双重差分法评估了政策的实施效果。结果发现:(1)科技政策的实施提高了上市公司自主创新水平,体现在上市公司新颖专利申请量的增加,经过模型有效性检验和一系列稳健性检验后该结论仍然成立;(2)机制检验发现,科技政策通过增加政府科技支出提升了企业自主创新水平,主要体现于企业新颖实用新型专利申请量的增加;知识产权保护水平越高的地区,科技政策的激励作用越强;(3)进一步研究发现,科技政策对原有创新企业激励作用高于新增创新企业,体现在原有创新企业自主创新水平的提高以及创新持续时间的增长。

In order to improve China's independent innovation capacity,in 2006 China promulgated and implemented the Outline of the National Program for Medium-and Long-term Scientific and Technological Development(2006-2020)(hereafter the Outline).It proposes the construction of a national innovation system dominated by enterprises and empha-sizes the primary role of independent innovation in scientific and technological innovation activities.This is also the first time that China's independent innovation strategy has been elevated to the national level.The year 2020 is the final year of the Outline,and the assessment of the long-term impact of the implementation of the science and technology policy on the independent innovation of enterprises will provide some reference for the implementation and adjustment of China's science and technology policy in the future.Union policy implementation content,including encouraging enterprises to carry out independent innovation activities of the fiscal and taxation policy,government procurement policy,financial policy and the protection of intellectual property rights,etc.Through the theoretical analysis of the effect of the policy may be produced,to test the hypothesis is put forward.Namely,the implementation of the Outline is to the enterprise independent innovation levels have a positive impact.Previous studies have mainly discussed the effect of the policy before 2013,and no consistent conclusion has been reached.Meanwhile,there is a lack of discussion on the mechanism of the policy.On the basis of previous research,the implementation of the Outline in 2006 is A quasi-natural experiment.Based on the panel data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2003 to 2016 and the China Patent Database from 1985 to 2016 published by the State Intellectual Property Office.The level of independent innovation is measured by the number of novel patents.The implementation effect of the policy is evaluated by propensity score matching and difference-in-difference method.The results show that:(1)The implementation of science and technology policies improves the level of independent innovation of listed companies,which is reflected in the increase of novel patent applications of listed companies.This conclusion still holds after the validity test of the model and a series of robustness tests.(2)The mechanism test shows that science and technology policies improve the independent innovation level of enterprises by increasing government expenditure on science and technology,which is mainly reflected in the increase of novel utility model patent applications.The higher the level of intellectual property protection,the stronger the incentive effect of science and technology policy.(3)By expanding the analysis of the impact of science and technology policies on enterprise innovation decisions.It is found that the incentive effect of science and technology policies on original innovative enterprises is higher than that of new innovative enterprises,which is reflected in the improvement of original innovative enterprises'independent innovation level and the growth of innovation duration.This paper provides empirical evidence for the adjustment of China's science and technology policy by probing into the implementation effect and its function path.Based on the findings of this paper,some policy implications and suggestions on intellectual property protection and government expenditure on science and technology are put forward.In the hope of high quality development stage in China,to sum up the experience.Pay attention to the policy incentive effect of independent innovation ability improvement,to achieve real improvement from"quantity"to"quality"synchronization,to make our country soon enter the forefront of innovative countries in the world.