同案同判:价值理念、实现困境及解决对策

"Same Case,Same Judgment":Value Idea,Realization Dilemma and Countermeasure

在司法改革中,实现司法公正和法律统一适用至关重要,而同案同判则是司法公正和统一法律适用得以实现的一个重要保证。实践中存在的大量同案不同判现象使人们容易对司法公正产生信任危机,妨碍了司法改革进程。同案不同判现象违背了公正性、平等性、安定性等价值理念。同案同判的实现困境成了实务界与理论界关注的重点问题,破解这个困境亦是一个难题。具体实践中可以从三个方面探索实现同案同判:构建完备的类案检索平台,通过法律规范对类案的判定标准与类案检索结果冲突适用机制作出详细规定以助力同案同判的实现;完善指导性案例的生成、遴选、编纂、适用全过程,并强化案例指导制度的指导性;通过合理限制法官自由裁量权、强化法官维护个案公正的主观意识、增强法官专业素养等手段来保障同案同判。

The realization of judicial justice and uniform application of law is an important link of judicial reform.In practice,a large number of different judgments in the same case make people have a crisis of confidence in judicial justice and hinder the process of judicial reform.The phenomenon of different judgments in the same case violates the values of justice,equality,stability and so on.The dilemma of the realization of the"same case,the same judgment"has become the focus of the practical and theoretical circles.However,solving the dilemma of the"same case,the same judgment"has always been dificult in the theoretical and practical circles.In practice,we can explore the realization of the"same case,the same judgment"from three aspects:to construct a complete retrieval platform for class cases,and make detailed provisions on the judgment standard of class case and the applicable mechanism of the conflict of class case retrieval results through legal norms to help the same case and judgment;to perfect the whole process of the generation,selection,compilation and application of guiding cases,and to strengthen the guidance of case guidance system;the judges should limit their discretion,strengthen their subjective consciousness of maintaining the justice of the case,and enhance their professional quality.