传统村落非物质文化遗产发展的共生模式研究——以江西省寒信村为例

A symbiosis model for the development of intangible cultural heritage in traditional villages:Take Hanxin Village in Jiangxi Province as an example

【目的】非物质文化遗产(非遗)的可持续发展是文化可持续发展的重要方面。随着城市化与现代化的不断推进,传统村落非物质文化遗产的保护与传承面临挑战。【方法】本文引入共生理论,构建了传统村落语境下非遗“共生模式识别-共生模式评价-共生模式优化”的综合分析框架,结合观察法与深度访谈法等质性研究方法,对具有代表性非遗和典型性发展问题的江西省寒信村展开例证研究分析。【结果】(1)本文构建的传统村落非遗共生模式分析框架能够较好的识别案例地非遗共生模式,分析框架的有效性被证实。(2)非遗发展存在村民与政府供养的偏利间歇共生模式。(3)非遗与村民和政府之间的共生关系获益不对等,且具有间歇性和不稳定性,共生模式状态不健康。【结论】短期对策方面,建议政府在非遗发展初期及时介入,提供初期资金支持以补足非遗传承者的收益不足。长期对策方面,需以旅游发展带动非遗创收能力的提高。

[Objective]The sustainable development of intangible cultural heritage(ICH)is an important aspect of sustainable cultural development.With the continuous advancement of urbanization and modernization,the protection and inheritance of ICH in traditional villages are facing challenges.[Methods]By introducing the symbiosis theory,this study constructed a comprehensive symbiosis model with the analytical framework of symbiosis model identification-symbiosis model evaluation-symbiosis model optimization for ICH in the context of traditional villages.The analytical framework,combined with qualitative research methods such as field observation and in-depth interviews,was used to study and analyze Hanxin Village in Jiangxi Province,which has representative ICH and typical development problems.[Results](1)The comprehensive analytical framework of traditional villages and ICH symbiosis model constructed in this study can well identify the case site symbiosis mode,and the effectiveness of the framework has been verified.(2)There is a partial and intermittent symbiosis pattern between village residents and government support in the development of ICH.(3)The benefits of the symbiotic relationship between ICH,village residents,and the government are uneven,intermittent,and unstable,and the symbiotic mode is unhealthy.[Conclusion]In terms of short-term countermeasures,we recommend that the government should intervene in the early stage of the development of ICH and provide initial financial support to make up for the lack of income of inheritors.With regard to long-term countermeasures,it is necessary to improve the income generating capacity of ICH by tourism development.