劳动力转移对农户粮食绿色生产效率的影响——兼论技术推广的作用

The influence of labor transfer on farmers'green grain production efficiency:Also discussing the role of technology extension

【目的】在农业劳动力大量流向城镇的背景下,厘清劳动力转移对于农户粮食绿色生产效率的影响,对推进粮食生产效率稳步提升、促进农业生态可持续发展具有重要政策启示。【方法】基于湖北、河南两省770份粮农调查数据,利用DEA-SBM模型对其粮食绿色生产效率进行测算,并通过Tobit模型论证了劳动力转移、技术推广对粮食绿色生产效率的影响。【结果】(1)劳动力转移在时间、空间维度均对农户粮食绿色生产效率存在抑制作用。(2)政府绿色技术推广措施能够促进粮食绿色生产效率的提高,并有效缓解劳动力转移对粮食绿色生产效率的负面影响。(3)技术推广对农户绿色生产效率的缓解作用存在年龄和种植规模的门槛限制,对年轻农户与高收入农户而言,其缓解作用不显著。【结论】应健全农村劳动力保障机制,拓宽绿色生产技术推广渠道,重点着眼于老龄农户、低收入户的绿色生产技术推广途径,以推进粮食绿色生产效率提升,有效加快农业高质量发展进程。

[Objective]In the context of a large number of rural labors migrating to cities and towns,clarifying the impact of labor transfer on the green production efficiency of grains for farming households has important policy implications in promoting the steady improvement of green production efficiency and promoting sustainable development of agricultural ecology.[Methods] Based on the survey data of 770 grain-producing farming households from Hubei and Henan Provinces,this study used the data envelopment analysis-slacks-based measure(DEA-SBM)model to calculate the green production efficiency of grains,and used the Tobit model to demonstrate the impact of labor transfer and technology extension on the green production efficiency of grains.[Results]The research showed that labor transfer had an inhibitory effect on the green production efficiency of grains for farming households in both the temporal and spatial dimensions.Government green technology extension measures could promote the improvement of green production efficiency of grains and effectively alleviate the negative impact of labor transfer on green production efficiency of grains.The mitigating effect of technology extension services on the green production efficiency of farming households was limited by the age and income of farmers.For young and high-income farmers,its mitigating effect is insignificant.[Conclusion]Therefore,we should improve the rural labor security mechanism,expand the promotion channels of green production technologies,and focus on the promotion of Trouuction technology for older and low-income farming households,to promote the improvement of green production efficiency of grains and effectively speed up the process of high-quality agricultural development.