家庭化迁移对农户宅基地退出意愿及补偿方案选择偏好的影响

The impact of family migration on farmers'homestead exit willingness and compensation preference

【目的】科学理解家庭化迁移对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响,以及其对宅基地退出补偿方案选择偏好的影响,是科学推动宅基地有序退出,促进城乡协调发展的重大问题。【方法】本文基于参与者智力模型,构建家庭化迁移影响宅基地退出意愿的分析框架,利用2019年11省份的典型调研数据,实证分析了农村家庭化迁移对其宅基地退出意愿的作用,并揭示其对宅基地退出补偿方案选择偏好的影响。【结果】(1)农村家庭化迁移表现为家庭成员逐步向城镇迁移,农村家庭成员迁移规模的增加,显著提升了宅基地退出意愿;(2)在家庭化迁移初期,家庭成员迁移对宅基地退出意愿具有积极作用;在家庭化迁移后期,家庭成员迁移对宅基地退出意愿作用下降;(3)家庭化迁移对宅地基退出意愿的作用在中部地区最强,其次为东北地区、东部地区和西部地区;(4)在宅基地退出补偿方案选择偏好方面,家庭化迁移使得家庭对现金和农村户籍地住房综合补偿方案的偏好最强,其次为现金补偿方案,最后为农村户籍地住房补偿方案。【结论】家庭化迁移显著提升了宅基地退出意愿,但是家庭迁移遇到的阻力降低了宅基地退出意愿,并进一步影响到其退出方案选择偏好。本文研究结论可为完善宅基地财产权制度与有效降低宅基地退出难度提供政策启示。

[Objective]The aim of this study was to scientifically understand the impact of family migration on homestead exit willingness and preference for compensation schemes of rural households,in order to timely promote the orderly withdrawal of homesteads and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.[Methods]This study constructed an analytical framework based on the participants intellectual decision model for the impact of family migration on homestead exit willingness.Using survey data from 11 provinces in 2019,the study empirically analyzed the effect of rural family migration on homestead exit willingness,and revealed its impact on the preference for compensation schemes for homestead withdrawal.[Results](1)Rural family migration manifests as family member gradual migration to cities and towns,the increase in the migration scale of rural family members significantly enhances the homestead exit willingness;(2)In the early stages of family migration,the migration of family members has a positive effect on the homestead exit willingness;In the later stage of family migration,the family member migration leads to a decrease in the homestead exit willingness;(3)The effect of family migration on the homestead exit willingness is strongest in the central region,followed by the northeast region,the eastern region,and the western region.(4)In terms of the preference for compensation schemes for the withdrawal of homesteads,family migration makes households have the strongest preference for cash and domicile town housing comprehensive compensation schemes,followed by cash compensation schemes,and finally rural domicile town housing compensation schemes.[Conclusion]Family migration significantly increased the willingness to withdraw homesteads,but the difficulties encountered by family migration households reduced their homestead exit willingness and further affected their preference for exit plans.The conclusions of this research provide policy inspirations for improving the property rights system of homesteads and effectively reducing the difficulty of homestead withdrawal.