中国国家公园与国家文化公园管理体制机制比较及其启示

A comparative study on the administrative systems of national parks and national cultural parks in China

国家公园与国家文化公园是中国保护自然遗产与文化遗产、探索生物多样性保护的长效机制和打造中华文化重要标志的伟大实践。采用文献分析与系统归纳相结合的方法,梳理国家公园与国家文化公园的建设背景与发展历程。从管理体制方面对两者的管理模式、法律法规、资金机制和区域协调机制进行比较分析,从可持续利用角度总结两者在保护原则、功能分区与利用机制的差异。基于当前国家公园与国家文化公园面临的多头管理、边界不清、权责不明、保护不完整、保护与发展冲突等问题,提出建立以国家公园为主体的生物多样性保护体系和以国家文化公园为引领的文化遗产保护体系,坚持整体性保护与相容性利用的发展原则,为全球生物多样性和文化遗产保护贡献中国方案。

National parks and national cultural parks are great practices to protect natural heritage and cultural heritage,explore long-term mechanism of biodiversity conservation and create important symbols of Chinese culture in China.This paper used systematic literature review to sort out the background and history of national parks and national cultural parks development in China.From the perspective of management system,this research compared and analyzed these two parks'management regimes,regulations,funding and regional coordination mechanism,and summarized the differences in conservation principles,functional zoning and operation mechanism from the perspective of sustainable operation.Finally,based on the problems faced by national parks and national cultural parks in China,such as overlap management,unclear zoning boundaries,ambiguous rights and responsibilities,declined species richness,and conflicts between protection and development,this paper proposed to establish a biodiversity protection system with national parks as the main part and a cultural heritage protection system with national cultural parks as the subject,and adhere to the development principles of integrated conservation and compatible operation,so as to contribute to global biodiversity and cultural heritage conservation with Chinese solutions.