国家文化公园立法的现状审视与完善进路

National cultural park legislation status review and improvement approach

建好用好国家文化公园需要强有力的法制保障。既有国家文化公园立法层级较低且立法进程缓慢,立法理念以抢救性保护为主、预防性保护不足,有关国家文化公园保护的空间范围、管理体制、跨行政区域合作等关键内容付之阙如。为解决这些问题,应当分情形完善国家文化公园立法。(1)由国务院以“一园一条例”的方式,修改《长城保护条例》,制定大运河、长征、长江、黄河等大型线性空间的专门的国家文化公园条例,明确各个国家文化公园的空间边界,根据实际需要确立管理体制、规划、管控与标准、跨行政区域合作等制度规范,实现差异化、针对性管理。(2)对黄帝陵、孔府、卢沟桥等点状或面状文化遗产制定省级地方性法规,发挥地方能动性与地方特色。(3)在《国家公园法》中对国家公园内的文化景观做出规范,对自然生态系统和历史文化资源进行整体性保护。

To build national cultural parks well needs strong legal guarantee.The legislative level of existing national cultural parks is low and the legislative process is slow.The legislative philosophy is mainly rescue protection,and preventive protection is insufficient.The key contents of the protection of national cultural parks,such as the spatial scope,management system and cross-administrative regional cooperation,are not available.In order to solve these problems,the legislation of national cultural parks should be perfected in different situations.First,the State Council shall,in the form of"one park,one regulation",amend the Regulations on the Protection of the Great Wall,formulate special regulations for national cultural parks in large linear spaces such as the Grand Canal,the Long March,the Yangtze River and the Yellow River,clarify the spatial boundaries of each national cultural park,and establish systems and systems such as management system,planning,control and standards,and cross-administrative regional cooperation according to actual needs,so as to achieve differentiated and targeted management.Secondly,provincial local laws and regulations should be formulated for the dotted or planar cultural heritages such as the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor,the Palace of Confucius,and the Lugou Bridge to give full play to local initiative and local characteristics.Third,the National Park Law regulates the cultural landscape in national parks,and protects the natural ecosystem and historical and cultural resources as a whole.