自然资源系统治理的创新模式探索

Institutional innovations towards integrated natural resources management

如何构建灵活且富有弹性的自然资源产权体系及与之匹配的治理模式,以回应新时期自然资源管理面临的现实挑战,现有研究并未形成共识。针对不同情景,结合实践案例,本文提出创新治理模式探索的理论基础与方法论,以推动建立弹性、灵活的治理体系,服务于差异化、适应性的系统资源治理需求;梳理了自然资源系统治理面临的制度约束与实践挑战,从“资源系统—资源服务”的视角出发解构自然资源产权体系,并构建系统治理的理论分析框架;在此基础上,通过草地配额流转、跨区域综合治理、生态产品价值转换机制等案例,探索面向不同实践场景、基于自然资源资产属性与生态要素的适应性治理模式,并针对可能面对的制度与管理约束,提出相关建议。

Over the last few decades,market demand has arisen for natural resources,along with conflicts over resource property rights,creating a need for institutional innovation for resource property rights and more flexible ways of governance.Nonetheless,there is yet no consensus on how to create such a flexible natural resources property rights system that aligns with appropriate governance models.An integrated system of property rights for natural resources is crucial to establish an institutional basis for the integrated protection and flexible governance of natural resources,such as mountains,rivers,forests,farmland,lakes,rangelands,and deserts.Through a theoretical analysis and case studies,this paper examines the existing theoretical puzzles and practical challenges in managing natural resources and the reasons behind.We suggest that natural resources vary considerably and in the meantime are interdependent and interconnected,and integrated natural resource management should consider the entirety of the ecosystem,the complexity and dynamic of the social-ecological system,and the uncertainty of resource issues.Therefore,we develop a framework for natural resource management that decouples property rights from the"Resource System-Resource Service"perspective,allowing property rights innovations to fit with ecological characteristics and local-specific social-economic circumstances.Moreover,the framework concentrates on matching both property rights and governance structures.To illustrate,we examine three practical cases,including self-organized grazing quota governance in pastoral areas,transprovincial water resource management,and market-based systematic natural resource management in forestry areas.These cases demonstrated that the framework provides a theoretical forum for innovation of natural resource property rights and governance structures for governing various types of resources.It allows for flexible responses to resource variations and dynamics,while serving practical needs and encouraging governance innovation in diverse settings.