文山引种阳春砂与其伪品巴双砂的鉴别

Identification of Amomum villosum Lour.from Wenshan and its counterfeit Bashuang sha

目的对文山阳春砂及其伪品巴双砂进行鉴别研究。方法对二者的外观性状特征、横切面及粉末显微特征、挥发性成分等进行对比鉴别分析。结果外观性状:文山阳春砂多类圆球,表面浅黄棕色、棕色或紫棕色,果实顶端钝,种子20~54粒,气香,味微苦涩、微辛凉;巴双砂卵形,表面棕褐或黑褐色,毛稀少,纵棱多而明显,果实顶端尖,有时略歪斜,种子40~75粒,味苦涩,气香特异似山姜果。显微特征:文山阳春砂种子横切面种皮表皮细胞斜径向类方形,壁略厚,胞腔斜类方形,下皮细胞1列,色素层3~5列细胞;巴双砂种子横切面种皮表皮细胞扭曲,细胞壁增厚不均匀,外壁极厚,胞腔扭曲,下皮细胞1~2列,极小,色素层4~5列细胞;二者粉末显微特征相似。挥发油成分:二者主成分均有左旋乙酸冰片酯、左旋樟脑、右旋萜二烯等;文山阳春砂特有成分为τ-Muurolol(0.60%)等;巴双砂特有成分为Neointermedeol(5.26%)等。结论文山阳春砂与巴双砂在外观性状、横切面显微及挥发油成分均存在一定差异,据此可对二者进行鉴别。

Objective To study the identification of Amomum villosum Lour.from Wenshan and its counterfeit Bashuang sha.Methods The two were identified by appearance characteristics,cross-sectional area,powder microscopic characteristics,and volatile components.Results Appearance traits:A.villosum Lour.had multiple types of round balls,with a surface of light yellow brown,brown or purple brown.The top of the fruit was blunt,and there were 20-54 seeds.It had a fragrant aroma and a slightly bitter and cool taste.Bashuang sha was oval shaped,with a surface of brownish or black brown,sparse hair,and numerous and obvious longitudinal ribs.The fruit tip was pointed,sometimes slightly skewed,and has 40-75 seeds.It had a bitter and astringent taste,and a unique aroma resembling that of mountain ginger fruit.Microscopic features:On the transverse section of the seed coat of A.villosum Lour.,the epidermal cells of the seed coat were inclined and radially square like,with slightly thick walls,and the cell cavity was inclined and square like.There were 1 row of lower skin cells and 3-5 rows of cells in the pigment layer.On the transverse section of the seed coat of Bashuang sha,the epidermal cells of the seed coat were twisted,the cell wall thickens unevenly,the outer wall was extremely thick,the cell cavity was twisted,the lower skin cells were 1-2 rows,extremely small,and the pigment layer was 4-5 rows of cells.The microscopic characteristics of the two powders were similar.Volatile oil components:they both had main components such as(-)-Bornyl Acetate,(-)-Camphor,and(+)-Dipentene,etc.The unique components of A.villosum Lour.from Wenshan wereτ-Muurolol and so on.The unique components of Bashuang sha were Neointermedeol and so on.Conclusion There are certain differences in appearance,cross-sectional microscopy,and other aspects between A.villosum Lour.and Bashuang sha,based on which the two can be distinguished.