《中国小说史略》“抄袭”案中的鲁迅与顾颉刚

Lu Xun and Gu Jiegang in the case of"plagiarism"in A Brief history of Chinese novels

鲁迅研究领域不乏公众感兴趣而长期未曾深入研究的问题,这主要因本领域只关注宏大叙事的思维习惯所致,有些论者却归因于“神化”鲁迅的政治需要而为贤者讳的护短。《中国小说史略》“抄袭”案和鲁迅与顾颉刚的交恶就属此类,世纪之交由顾颉刚著作出版再度提起并引起关注。实际上就事件发生、发展到事实上结束的过程看,“抄袭”案在其发生之时就已结案:顾颉刚和陈西滢尽管私下、公开都断定鲁迅抄袭,但他们自始至终只有“剽窃”“蓝本”之类含糊说词,拿不出充分必要的证据。如此,当时的学术界、特别是中国小说研究领域自然会有公论。“抄袭案”之所以发生,表面是私人事件,实则是“女师大风潮”中支持和反对学生运动的两派斗争。将其看作个人恩怨,从顾颉刚和陈西滢一面的确如此,顾颉刚之“告陈通伯”鲁迅“剿袭盐谷温”,目的不是维护学术道德、严肃学术规范,而是帮朋友攻击论敌;陈西滢对鲁迅的人身攻击,是为暗护凌叔华。从鲁迅一面则更多体现公心:鲁迅是从私人事件观察社会人心黑暗,将论敌射来的暗箭用作反击利器,帮同一战阵中的伙伴打赢一场硬仗,同时洗刷冤枉、维护了个人名誉。鲁迅的反击,其动机、目的和效果都非仅限于私人恩怨,而是社会批判。

There are many issues in the field of Lu Xun's research that the public is interested in but has not delved into for a long time.This is mainly due to the mindset of only focusing on grand narratives in this field,and some critics attribute it to the political needs of"deifying"Lu Xun,which are taboo by the wise.The case of"plagiarism"in A Brief History of Chinese Novels and the feud between Lu Xun and Gu Jiegang belong to this category,which was once again raised and attracted attention by the publication of Gu Jiegang's works at the turn of the century.In fact,from the process of the incident's occurrence and development to its actual end,the"plagiarism"case was already closed at the time of its occurrence:although Gu Jiegang and Chen Xiying privately and publicly concluded that Lu Xun had plagiarized,they only had vague statements such as"plagiarism"and"blueprint"from beginning to end,and could not provide sufficient and necessary evidence.In this way,there would naturally be public opinions in the academic community at that time,especially in the field of Chinese novel research.The reason why the"plagiarism case'occurred is that it appears to be a private event,but in reality it is a struggle between the two factions supporting and opposing the student movement in the"Women's Normal University disturbance"Viewing it as a personal grievance is indeed true from the perspectives of Gu Jiegang and Chen Xiying.Gu Jiegang's"telling Chen Tongbo"that Lu Xun's"plagiarized Yan Guwen"was not aimed at maintaining academic ethics and serious academic norms,but at helping friends attack and argue against enemies.Chen Xiying's personal attack on Lu Xun was to secretly protect Ling Shuhua.From the perspective of Lu Xun,it is more about fairness:Lu Xun observes the darkness of human heats from private events,shoots back the hidden arrows shot by the enemy,helps his comrades in the same battle to win a tough battle,while washing away wrongs and maintaining personal reputation.The motivation,purpose,and effect of Lu Xun's counterattack were not limited to personal grievances,but rather social criticism.