从能否“以国为名”看秦汉治理理念之异

The Difference of Governance Concept between Qin and Han Dynasties in the Aspect of"Taking the National Name as People's Own Name"

秦代推行“更名”政策,禁止臣民以国名“秦”为自己的名字。汉代则风行“以国为名”,从西汉中期到汉末三国,各个社会阶层中都存在大量以国名“汉”为名的现象。在这个问题上,秦具有强烈的排他性,禁止臣民以“秦”为名,体现出了“独尊秦”的特点;汉则没有那么强的排他性,臣民在认同国家后广泛地以“汉”为名,体现出了“广宣汉”的特点。这种对比在一定程度上反映出秦汉两个王朝在治理理念上的差异。

The Qin government implemented a"renaming"policy,prohibiting subjects from using the national name"Qin"as their own name.In the Han Dynasty,it was popular to use the name of the country.From the middle of the Western Han Dynasty to the end of the Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms,there were a large number of phenomena in various social classes that used the name of the country"Han"as people's own name.On this issue,Qin had a strong exclusivity,forbade his subjects to take the name of"Qin",which reflected the characteristics of"respecting Qin alone".The Han Dynasty was not so exclusive.After the subjects identified with the state,they took the name of"Han"widely,which showed the characteristics of"widely promoting Han".This comparison to some extent reflects the differences in governance concepts between the Qin and Han dynasties.