修昔底德的不朽遗产——论古代晚期的拜占庭史家对修昔底德编史方法的继承与借鉴

The Permanent Legacy of Thucydides——On the Inheritanceand Borrowingsof Thucydides'Historiography by Byzantine Historians in Late Antiquity

修昔底德的历史著作在希腊—罗马时代发挥了巨大的影响力。到了古代晚期,由于拜占庭帝国对古典文化的传承与延续,修昔底德的作品并没有湮没不闻,而是继续成为文化精英所阅读与仿效的典范。拜占庭的仿古史家是修昔底德“不朽遗产”的直接继承者,他们既延续了修昔底德以所在时代政治军事为主题的历史写作传统,又在固定词句、典型事件、人物形象三个由浅入深的层面上对修昔底德的文本加以模仿。在编年史家、教会史家当中也出现了重视记载军政事务、借鉴修昔底德文本的情况。史家们对修昔底德的继承与借鉴说明,古代晚期的史学体裁既各自演化发展,也表现出一定程度的关联与交汇。

Thucydides'historical works had a significant impact during the Greek-Roman period.Thucydides'works did not go unnoticed in late antiquity,owing to the Byzantine Empire's inheritance and continuation of classical culture,and continued to become a model for cultural elites to read and copy.Thucydides'"immortal heritage"was directly passed down to Byzantine archaist historians.They not only followed Thucydides'historical writing tradition with contemporary political and military subjects,but they also reproduced Thucydides'texts on three levels,from superficial to deep:set phrases,typical occurrences,and character representations.There has also been a concentration among chroniclers and church historians on reporting military and political affairs and adopting Thucydides literature.Historians'inheritance and citation of Thucydides illustrate that the historical genres of late antiquity not only evolved and developed independently,but also showed a degree of linkage and intersection.