开发区设立有助于减少企业污染排放吗?——基于中国开发区设立的准自然实验

Can the Establishment of the Development Zone Help to Reduce the Pollution Emissions of Enterprises:Evidence from a Quasi-natural Experiment of Establishmentof the Development Zone

开发区设立的环境效应是否有助于实现“双碳”目标,抑或有所背离?此问题的回答不仅与如何通过开发区建设实现中国经济高质量增长相关,而且是协同当前积极稳妥推进“碳达峰”“碳中和”以应对气候变化全球治理战略的应有之义。本文基于1998-2013年中国工业企业数据库与中国工业企业污染数据库数据,将开发区这一产业集聚政策视为一场准自然实验,使用双重差分模型考察开发区设立的环境效应,尝试探究开发区设立是否有助于减少企业污染物排放这一亟待厘清的现实问题。本文研究发现:(1)开发区设立使得开发区区域内企业二氧化硫排放量增加了约10.4%-11.3%,区域内企业工业烟(粉)尘排放总量增加了15.9%-16.8%,总体上开发区政策对企业污染排放产生了一定的负外部性,其表现在开发区内集聚企业污染物排放量有所下降,而非集聚企业污染物排放量有所增加;(2)本文进一步探讨了开发区升格政策对于企业污染物排放的影响,结果发现:当省级开发区升级为国家级开发区时,区域内企业污染物排放大幅度下降,企业污染物排放增加的趋势被显著抑制。本研究为政府进一步完善开发区政策、加强开发区内部治理优化、推动本地经济特征与外部环境相适应,为实现开发区内经济高质量发展提供了参考依据。

Do the environmental effects of the development zone contribute to the achievement of the"dual carbon"goal,or does it deviate from it?Based on the data of China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Database from 1998 to 2013,this paper regards the industrial agglomeration policy of development zones as a quasi-natural experiment,uses the DID model to examine the environmental effects of the establishment of development zones,and tries to explore the development zone.Whether the establishment will help reduce the emission of pollutants by enterprises is an urgent practical issue that needs to be clarified.The research found in this paper:(1)The establishment of the development zone has increased the sulfur dioxide emissions of enterprises in the development zone by about 10.4%-11.3%,and the total industrial smoke(powder)dust emissions of enterprises in the region increased by 15.9%-16.8%.The development zone policy has produced a certain negative externality on the pollution discharge of enterprises,which is reflected in the decline of the pollutant discharge of the agglomeration enterprises in the development zone,and the increase of the pollutant discharge of the non-agglomeration enterprises;(2)This paper further discusses the impact of development zone upgrading policies on corporate pollutant emissions,it was found that when the provincial development zone was upgraded to a national development zone,the pollutant emissions of enterprises in the region dropped significantly,This study provides a reference for the government to further improve the development zone policy,strengthen the internal governance optimization of the development zone,promote the adaptation of local economic characteristics to the external environment,and achieve highquality economic development in the development zone.