石羊河流域农户生计脆弱性测度及致脆机理

Assessment of Farmers′ Livelihood Vulnerability and Its Mechanism in Shiyang River Basin

[目的]有效揭示农户生计脆弱性影响因子的作用过程以及农户生计脆弱性的致脆机理,为石羊河流域乃至整个中国生态脆弱区农户生计可持续发展提供科学参考。[方法]基于石羊河流域样带农户调查数据,运用综合指数法、脆弱性函数评估模型和障碍度模型等方法,分析石羊河流域农户生计脆弱性的空间格局,识别了流域易脆群体,继而揭示了流域农户生计脆弱性致脆机理。[结果](1)石羊河流域农户生计脆弱性指数为0.644,处于相对较高水平,整体呈现“北高南低”的空间格局,并表现出在县城周边区域低值积聚分布的特征;(2)农户生计脆弱性的大小为:传统农业主导型(0.99)>新型农业型(0.80)>传统非农型(0.64)>非农主导型(0.60)>畜牧主导型(0.49),表现出随着非农化程度增加而脆弱性减小的特征;(3)耕地缩减面积、生态治理、邻里冲突、农业市场波动和农业支出压力是影响农户暴露度-敏感性的前5位障碍因子;耕地面积、社会关系网络、经济收入、牲畜资本量和劳动力数量是影响农户适应能力的前5位障碍因子。[结论]总的来说,农户暴露度-敏感性和适应能力共同构成生计脆弱性动态循环,决定着脆弱性的演化方向和路径。

[Objective]The aims of this study are to effectively investigate the process of influencing factors on farmers′livelihood vulnerability(FLV)and the fragility mechanism of farmers′livelihoods,and provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of FLV in the Shiyang River Basin(SRB)and even the entire ecologically fragile areas of China.[Methods]Based on the transect survey data,we used synthetic index method,vulnerability function evaluation model,and obstacle degree model to analyze the spatial pattern of FLV,identify vulnerable groups,then investigate the mechanism of FLV in this basin.[Results](1)The vulnerability level in SRB was high,with FLV index up to 0.644.The FLV exhibited a spatial pattern of high in the north and low in the south,with the low FLV values mainly distributing in the periphery of counties.(2)The FLV of different farmer followed the order:traditional agriculture dominant type(0.99)>new type agriculture type(0.80)>traditional non-agricultural type(0.64)>non-agricultural dominant type(0.60)>Animal husbandry orientation(0.49),which suggest that the vulnerability decreased with the increase of the degree of non-agriculturalization.(3)The top five obstacles affecting the exposure-sensitivity of farmers included reduction of cultivated land area,ecological recover,neighborhood conflicts,fluctuations of agricultural market,and agricultural expenditure pressure.The major factors that limited the adaptability included cultivated land area,social network,economic income,livestock capital,and labor force.[Conclusion]In general,farmers′exposure-sensitivity and adaptability constitute the dynamic cycle of livelihood vulnerability,which determines the evolution direction and path of FLV.