荷兰洪水风险管理对我国中小河流治理的启示

Enlightenment of flood risk management in the Netherlands on governance of small and medium sized rivers in China

随着全球气候变化不断加剧和极端天气事件频发,我国流域防洪尤其是针对中小河流的防洪减灾工作,面临着前所未有的挑战。简要分析洪水风险概念内涵、风险理论框架,梳理荷兰防洪形势、防洪理念发展,从防洪治理体系、防洪先进技术、风险管理策略、编制洪水风险图、“还地于河”案例等方面介绍荷兰洪水风险管理实践经验,为我国中小河流治理提供启示和建议,包括要转变观念,着力防范洪水风险;发挥科技引领,加快推动数字治理;因地制宜,合理选择治理措施;综合施策,持续开展生态修复;多方参与,推动实现社会治理等。

Due to the intensification of global climate change and frequent occurrence of extreme weather events,China is facing unprecedented challenges for flood control and disaster reduction in river basins,especially small and medium-sized rivers.The paper makes a brief introduction on connotation and theoretical framework of flood risk concept,reviews the situation and development of flood control concepts in the Netherlands,its practices of flood risk management such as flood control governance system,advanced flood control technologies,risk management strategies,preparation of flood risk maps,and the case of“giving space to rivers”.It may provide insights for the governance of small and medium-sized rivers in China,in the respects of making change and focusing on reduction of flood risks;letting technology take the lead and promoting digitalized management;adapting measures to local conditions and selecting appropriate methodologies of governance;taking comprehensive approaches for ecological restoration;and encouraging participation of stakeholders of all circles.