高密度城区儿童亲自然属性评价研究

Evaluation Research on Children's Biophilic Attributes in High-density Urban Areas

亲近自然是儿童的天性,而社会发展及城市化进程在一定程度上改变了人与自然的关系,使城市儿童面临着与自然相隔的难题。以在天津市高密度城区生活的儿童为对象,研究儿童的亲自然状况和影响因素,确立了衡量儿童与自然内在联结度、儿童与自然直接接触度以及儿童对自然的心理依赖三个维度的评测指标。据自然关联性量表显示,仅有40%的儿童与自然有着紧密联系。环境因素作为主要影响因素,自然式绿地的缺失及安全性是影响儿童户外亲自然活动的主要原因。结合绿地类型,探讨为儿童提供亲自然空间的途径,从人居环境视角为有效改善我国儿童的亲自然状况提供支持。

Being connected to nature is the natural need of children.Social development and the process of urbanization changed the relationship between human being and nature to some extent.Children,who live in the city,are facing the difficulty of being separated from nature.The status and the influencing factors of children's biophilia are investigated by taking children living in high-density urban areas of Tianjin as the objects.Three kinds of indicators are used to evaluate the relationship between children and nature internally,directly or psychologically.It is showed that only 40%of children in the evaluation of natural correlation has a closely connection to nature.Environment factor is one of the main influencing factors,and the lack and unsafety of natural green spaces are the main reasons for restricting children's outdoor activities.Combined with the types of green spaces,the methods to improving the relationship between children and nature are discussed by providing children with more green spaces in the perspective of human settlement environment.