论中国收入分配差别特征及其制约因素——从中印制度比较视角解释中国的“增长—分配之谜”

On the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Income Inequality in China:Explaining China's"Growth-distribution Puzzle"from the Perspective of the Comparison of Chinese and Indian Systems

本文针对中国的“增长—分配之谜”,即增长奇迹与没有两极分化及社会长期稳定并存,并从中印比较中概括出中国收入差别五方面结构性特征,即城乡内部差别大致适度、“乡高城低”型低差别城镇化、城乡差别过大但避免贫民窟、总体差别呈结构性过大及“倒U形”转折轨迹。进而以马克思主义政治经济学原理,阐释了中印两国收入差别呈如此不同特征的原因,证明正是中国选择公有制为主体及其相关具体形式的特色基本经济制度,才决定了中国收入差别持续呈现如此五大特征,并进而形成“增长—分配之谜”。因此,提出中国“增长—分配之谜”,发现中国收入分配差别五大结构性特征,并运用生产资料所有制及形式决定分配关系的马克思主义原理,恰当阐释了五大特征赖以存在的制度基础等等,便构成本文的主要边际贡献。

This paper aims at analyzing China's"growth-distribution puzzle",that is,the coexistence of growth miracle,no polarization and long-term social stability,and summarizes the five structural characteristics of China's income inequality from the comparison between China and India,that is,the internal inequalities within urban and rural areas are roughly moderate,the inequality in rural area is larger than that in urban area,the urban-rural gap is too large but the slums are avoided,the overall inequality is structurally too large and there is an"inverted-U"turning track.Then,based on the principles of Marxist political economy,this paper explains the reasons that China and India show such different characteristics in income inequality,and proves that it is the characteristic basic economic system with public ownership as the main feature and its related specific forms that China has chosen determines that China's income inequality continues to show such five characteristics,which can accurately explain the"growthdistribution mystery",Therefore,putting forward the“growth distribution puzzle”in China,discovering the five structural characteristics of income distribution inequality in China,and properly explaining the institutional basis for the existence of the five characteristics by using the Marxist principle that the ownership of the means of production determines the distribution relationship are the main marginal contributions of this paper.