“多元一体”视角下中华生命观之苗语表达

The Miao Language Expression of the China Nation's Traditional Outlook on Life from the Perspective of Pluralistic Integration

苗族对生命的认识是中华民族“多元一体”传统生命观的有机组成部分,以其个性特征阐释了中华生命观的一个具体生成逻辑。“形”作为生命的躯壳,“力”作为生命的生机,“灵”作为生命的神志,三者结合共同构成生命活体,这即是苗族对生命的基本认识。苗族对生命的认识和思考在苗语口头文献和日常交际语言中都有所体现:苗语生育类动词是对生命形体生成的语言表达,反映了苗族“生无别类”的认知特征;从苗语生死概念的语言表达形式来看,苗族用“力”来区分有无生命体,“命”是对具体生命轨迹的整体式表述;“灵”作为生命的组成部分,不能独立存在也不具有超自然能力,灵与神祖的关联是中华传统生命观“神灵”体系中一脉相承的文化基因。

The Miao people's understanding of life is an integral part of the traditional“pluralistic and integrated”outlook on life,which interprets a specific generative logic of the Chinese outlook on life with its individual characteristics.The“shape”is the body of life,the“force”the vitality of life,and the“soul”the mind of life.The combination of the three constitutes a living object,which is the basic cognition of life among the Miao people.The Miao people's understanding and reflection of life are embodied in the oral documents and daily communication in Miao Language:the fertility verbs are the language expression concerning the formation of the body of life,reflecting its cognitive characteristics of“no difference of life”;from the perspective of the morphology of Miao language concerning the concept of life and death,the Miao people use“force”to distinguish the animate and inanimate,and“life”is a general expression for specific life track;As a component of life,“soul”cannot exist independently or does not possess supernatural power,which is the cultural gene traced back to the same origin of the“soul”system of traditional Chinese outlook on life.