新平县古树群特征及地理分布分析

Characteristics and Geographical Distribution of Ancient Tree Groups in Xinping County

为深入分析新平县古树群资源的生长特征和分布情况,采用文献研究和现场补充调查的方法,对新平县古树群的种类、数量、分布、生长特征、区系等进行了统计与分析。结果表明,新平县古树群60个,2028株,隶属14科、19属、20种。平均树龄100~200 a,林分胸围200~300 cm,林分高度10~20 m,郁闭度0.45。新平县古树群分布于海拔400~2000 m,随着海拔升高古树群株数不同程度的减少;古树群只集中分布在漠沙镇、戛洒镇、水塘镇、者竜乡、建兴乡、平掌乡6个乡镇,主要树种为杧果、酸豆、茶、云南油杉等,呈现集中分布为主,零星分布为辅的格局。从古树群植物区系组成科级水平方面看,属于热带和温带分布区类型的科数相差不大,但是属级和种级水平方面,属于热带分布区类型的数量较多。以期更深地了解新平古树群植物的起源和分布,为新平县古树名木研究和树种规划提供新的依据。

In order to deeply analyze the growth characteristics and distribution of ancient tree groups in Xinping County,the species,quantity,distribution,growth characteristics and flora of ancient tree groups were statistically analyzed by means of literature research and field supplementary investigation.The results showed that there were 60 ancient tree groups in Xinping County,which included 2028 trees belonging to 20 species,19 genera and 14 families.Average age was concentrated in 100-200 a,chest circumference was concentrated in 200-300 cm,height was concentrated in 10-20 m,and canopy density was 0.45.The ancient tree groups in Xinping County were distributed at an altitude of 400-2000 m,and the number of ancient tree groups decreased with the increase of altitude;the ancient tree groups were only concentrated in six townships,namely Mosha Town,Gasa Town,Shuitang Town,Zhelong Township,Jianxing Township and Pingzhang Township.The main tree species were Mangifera indica,Tamarindus indica,Camellia sinensis and Keteleeria evelyniana,which showed a concentrated distribution pattern with sporadic distribution supplemented.At the level of family,there was little difference of quantities between tropical and temperate characters,but at the level of genus and species,tropical characters were more prominent.This paper aimed to have a deeper understanding of the origin and distribution of the ancient tree groups,providing a new basis for the later study of the ancient and famous trees in Xinping County and the planning of tree species.