数字经济下美国与外国对手ICTS交易监管及法律限度——基于TikTok案和微信被禁案的分析

Regulation and Legal Limits of U.S.ICTS Transactions with Foreign Adversaries in the Digital Economy—Analysis Based on the TikTok and WeChat Ban

伴随着地缘政治的变化和美国推行“脱钩”“去风险”政策,在数字经济领域美国对外国投资者监管的法律工具日益多元化。在规范和执法实践上,美国政府滥用IEEPA框架下的紧急状态国家安全保障授权,强化与外国对手ICTS交易监管工具,导致我国科技企业的经营面临巨大的法律风险。同时,该监管权虽在实体审查标准与执法程序上存在法律限度,但其权力边界需要基于个案事实由司法机关界定。我国应在统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的要求下完善应对策略。微观层面,应完善数字经济领域企业数据合规机制,积极利用美国宪法框架下的司法救济机制应对违法歧视性措施;宏观层面,坚持总体国家安全观,在对等原则下强化我国以《反外国制裁法》为基础,以外资安全审查、网络安全审查等制度为重要内容的反制裁、反干涉制度体系。

Along with geopolitical changes and the U.S.policy of“decoupling”with China,the U.S.legal tools for regulating foreign investment in the digital economy have become increasingly diverse.Normatively,the U.S.government has abused the emergency national security safeguards authorization under the IEEPA to strengthen the regulatory tools for ICTS transactions with foreign adversaries,which in practice has led to huge legal risks for the operations of Chinese technology companies.At the same time,there are legal limits to that regulatory power,but the boundaries of its authority need to be defined by the judiciary based on the facts of individual cases.As a response strategy for China,at the micro level,the corporate data compliance mechanism in the digital economy should be improved,and the judicial remedy mechanism under the U.S.constitutional framework should be actively utilised against illegal discriminatory measures;At the macro level,China shall adheres to the overall national security concept and strengthens anti-sanctions and anti-interference system based on the Anti-foreign Sanctions Law and with the FDI Screening and cyber security review systems as important elements under the principle of reciprocity.