土壤污染修复责任的溯及力及其限制

Retroactivity and Restriction of Soil Pollution Remediation Liability

土壤污染具有隐蔽性、滞后性、累积性,有关国家和地区土壤污染修复责任的相关规定通常溯及既往,以解决法律事实早于法律施行之日的责任承担问题。我国《土壤污染防治法》在该问题上的规定不是十分明确,导致实践中法律适用不一致、同案不同判的情况时常出现。从解释论的角度综合分析现有法律规范,土壤污染修复责任确实具有溯及既往的效力,且构成真正溯及既往。但基于比例原则、信赖保护原则,溯及既往的适用范围应予严格限制,具体可从溯及时间、违法前提、排污行为、污染范围四方面对溯及适用的相关规则予以明确、细化。

Soil pollution is undetectable,lagging,and cumulative.Regulations related to soil pollution remediation liability in related countries and regions are generally retroactive in order to solve the problem that legal facts occurred before the implementation of laws.The regulation of Soil Pollution Prevention and Control law in China is not very clear,which leads to the problems that inconsistent application of laws and different judgment in the same case often appear in practice.A comprehensive analysis of the existing legal norms from the perspective of interpretive theory shows that soil pollution remediation liability is truly retro⁃active.But based on trust protection principle and proportionality principle,the scope of application of this kind of retroactivity should be strictly limited.The restriction can be made from the four aspects of retroac⁃tive time,illegal premise,discharge behavior and pollution scope.