浙西南景宁畲族民居木构侧样研究

Research on the Wooden Structural Section of Folk House of She Ethnic Group at Jingning in Southwest Zhejiang Province

景宁是全国唯一的畲族自治县,当地畲民多居住在交通闭塞的深山密林中,受外界影响小,因此其居住的畲族民居自身所承载的木作营造技艺仍沿用着传统做法。通过田野调查收集当地畲族民居侧样数据,从诸多侧样所呈现的相同点和不同点中提炼侧样分型规律并对其进行分述,再结合当地大木匠师手绘的定盘图与民间营造典籍,辨析景宁畲族民居侧样原型,了解畲族民居从应然至实然的营造过程。同时从人的主观导向和自然的客观影响两方面对侧样分型规律成因进行分析,最后将所得的分型规律及侧样原型与温州泰顺和江西吉安进行对比,从而厘清景宁畲族民居侧样营造技术与其周边地区的渊源,为本区定位以及当地乡村振兴建设提供技术依据。

Jingning is the only autonomous county of She ethnic group in China.She ethnic group mostly live in the deep mountains and dense forests with blocked traffic,and are rarely influenced by the outside world.Therefore,the wood construction techniques used in folk house of She ethnic group still follow the traditional construction techniques.Collected the section data of folk house of She ethnic group through field study,separately described the section classification rules extracted from the similarities and differences presented in many sections,next analysed the section archetype of folk house of She ethnic group in Jingning with both local master carpenters’hand-drawn plates and folk construction books,so as to understand the construction process of folk house of She ethnic group from conception to realisation.In addition,this research also analysed the causes of section classification rules from two perspectives involving subjective impacts of human and objective impacts of nature.Finally,the classification rules and section archetype obtained from this research were compared with those of Taishun,Wenzhou and Ji'an,Jiangxi,thereby clarifying the origin of the section construction technology of folk house of She ethnic group in Jingning and the surrounding areas,which could contribute to providing technical basis for the positioning of the region and the local rural revitalization construction.