四川阿坝嘉绒藏区官寨建筑探析——以黑水芦花官寨为例

Analysis of the Guanzhai Architecture in Gyarong Tibetan Area of Aba,Sichuan Province--Taking Heishui Luhua Guanzhai as an Example

官寨建筑是土司制度影响下所形成的地域建筑形式和历史文化遗产,因其杰出的建造技艺、浓郁的民族文化内涵、独特而丰富的空间和体量构造构成了四川藏区最具代表性的建筑景观和文化视觉印象。本文以嘉绒藏区极具典型性的芦花官寨为例,通过在地调查研究以理清芦花官寨的历史发展脉络,并结合田野材料、史志文献、历史图像等资料相互验证,分析官寨建筑在择基选址、空间布局、材料结构和装饰细部上的主要特征,着眼当下以期为嘉绒藏区官寨建筑遗产的保护与传承提供有效参考和借鉴。

The Guanzhai architecture is a regional architectural form and historical heritage formed under the influence of the Tusi system,which constitutes the most representative architectural landscape and cultural visual impression of the Tibetan region of Sichuan due to its outstanding construction skills,rich ethnic cultural connotation,unique spatial and volumetric structure.This paper takes the typical Luhua Guanzhai as an example,and through in situ research to clarify the historical development of Luhua Guanzhai,and combined with field materials,historical documents,historical images and other materials to verify each other,analyzes the main characteristics of the Guanzhai architecture in terms of choosing the site,spatial layout,material structure and decorative details,with a view to providing an effective reference for the preservation and inheritance of the Guanzhai architectural heritage in the Gyarong Tibetan area.