《说文解字·宀部》祭祀场所字与古代祭祀文化

Discussion on the Chinese Characters with the Mian(宀)-radical of Sacrificial Places in Shuowenjiezi and Ancient Sacrificial Culture

“国之大事,在祀与戎。”从古至今,祭祀对人类有着非常重要的意义。祭祀场所不仅是人类物质文化的凝聚地,还是精神文化的凝聚地。《说文解字》以其形象而生动的造字法则记录了中国古代浩瀚的文化,以《说文解字·宀部》祭祀之所“宗”“室”“宫”“家”等字为切入点,研究其在甲骨文、金文、传世文献中构成的祭祀场所词语,在此基础上探讨祭祀场所从商周至后世出现的变化,并从中窥探古代祭祀文化的特点。

The great events of the state are the sacrifice and the military service.Sacrifice has been of great significance to human beings since ancient times.The sacrificial place is the gathering place of material culture and spiritual culture.Shuowenjiezi records the vast culture of ancient China with its vivid rules of creating Chinese characters.Starting from introducing Chinese characters with the mian(宀)-radical of sacrificial places in Shuowenjiezi such as“zong(宗)”,“shi(室)”,“gong(宫)”,“jia(家)”,etc.,this paper studies Chinese characters of sacrificial places in oracle bone inscriptions,inscriptions on ancient bronze objects and handed-down documents.And based on these,it also discusses the changes of sacrificial places from Shang and Zhou dynasties to later generations,and explores the characteristics of ancient sacrificial culture.