北京市平原区地面沉降研究进展与思考

The Advance and Considerations on Land Subsidence in Beijing Plain

分析北京地面沉降多年研究成果,对地面沉降的形成与发育历史、监测技术、影响因素、地下水开采与地面沉降间关系及南水北调中线工程运行(南水进京)对地面沉降的影响等方面进行探讨。近年来,地面沉降监测技术方法研究更加注重新技术新方法的应用,其中InSAR和分布式光纤技术的应用极大的提升了地面沉降监测的覆盖度及实时获取能力。通过对应用成果的分析,发现不科学的地下水开采是造成地面沉降的主要原因,而南水进京对控制地面沉降快速发展具有积极作用。目前北京平原区同时存在地表回弹和地表下沉双重影响,因此两因素叠加对区域地质安全的影响仍然是未来需要持续关注的问题。

We analyse the research results of land subsidence in Beijing over many years,and discusse the history of the formation and development of land subsidence,monitoring techniques,influencing factors and the relationship between groundwater extraction and land subsidence,as well as the impact of the operation of the South to North Water Diversion Central Project(southern water to Beijing)on ground subsidence.In recent years,more attention has been paid to the application of new technologies and methods for subsidence monitoring,including the application of InSAR and distributed fibre—optic technology,which have greatly improved the coverage and real—time detection capability of subsidence monitoring.Based on the analysis of the application results,it is found that unscientific groundwater exploitation is the main cause of ground subsidence,and southern water to Beijing has a positive effect on controlling the rapid development of land subsidence.At present,there is a dual effect of land rebound and subsidence in the Beijing Plain,and the impact of the superposition of the two factors on regional geological safety is still an issue that needs continuous attention in the future.