河南省某典型蛋鸡养殖舍秋冬季氨排放特征

Characteristics of ammonia emission caused by intensive cage rearing of typical egg-laying chickens in autumn and winter in Henan Province,China

为阐明典型集约化蛋鸡养殖舍氮素排放特征,以及为集约化蛋鸡舍后续氨减排措施的研究提供基础数据和技术支撑,以河南省禹州市某典型笼养型蛋鸡舍为研究对象,利用高灵敏电化学氨气检测传感器在秋、冬季采用多点连续监测方法分析了蛋鸡舍内温度与湿度对鸡舍外排气体中NH3浓度的影响。结果表明,秋季舍内温度日夜相差不明显,平均温度为24.0℃;冬季相对于秋季舍内外温差较大,舍内温度日夜相差较大,平均温度为21.4℃。秋季舍内湿度日夜相差较大,每日平均湿度为52%;冬季舍内湿度日夜相差较小,冬季每日平均湿度为46.4%。秋、冬季蛋鸡舍出风口处外排NH3浓度分别为0~8.68 mg·m^(-3)和0~5.4 mg·m^(-3)。外排NH_(3)浓度随清粪频率呈现出当次清粪完成后外排NH3浓度最低,随后伴随养殖舍内鸡粪不断累积而增加直到下次清粪开始前达到最高,外排浓度的周期性变化趋势且与舍内温度、湿度呈正相关关系。监测数据表明优化集约化笼养型养殖舍的粪污清理过程和对舍内温湿度精准调控是目前养殖条件下大幅减少氨排放的有效路径。

To clarify the nitrogen emission characteristics of typical intensive layer hen breeding houses and provide basic data and technical support for the research on subsequent ammonia emission reduction measures,this study examined typical cage-raised layer hens in Yuzhou City,Henan Province.Taking the house as the research object,the effects of temperature and humidity in the laying hen house on the NH3 concentration in the exhaust gas outside the house was analyzed using a high-sensitivity electrochemical ammonia detection sensor during autumn and winter and employing a multi-point continuous monitoring method.In autumn,the temperature difference between day and night in the house was not obvious,with an average temperature of 24.0℃;in winter,the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the house was drastic,and the temperature in the house exhibited a large difference between day and night,with an average temperature of 21.4℃.In autumn,the humidity in the house varied greatly between day and night,with an average daily humidity of 52%;in winter,the humidity in the house showed a small difference between day and night,and the average daily humidity was 46.4%.The ammonia concentrations at the air outlet of the layer hen houses in autumn and winter ranged from 0 to 8.68 mg·m^(-3) and 0 to 5.4 mg·m^(-3),respectively.The concentration of efflux NH_(3) with the frequency of manure cleaning showed a periodic trend of the lowest concentration of NH3 efflux after the completion of manure cleaning and then increased with the continuous accumulation of chicken manure in the breeding house until the highest efflux concentration was reached before the next manure cleaning.It was positively correlated with the temperature and humidity inside the house.The monitoring data shows that optimizing the manure cleaning process of intensive cage-type breeding houses and precise control of temperature and humidity are currently effective ways to greatly reducing ammonia emissions.