山西省乡村人居环境健康发展评价及规划分类研究

Health development evaluation and planning classification of rural human settlement environment in Shanxi Province

为开展山西省乡村人居环境健康发展评价与区域规划分类,以山西11个地级市为评价单元,从经济发展环境、生产生活环境、生态宜居环境、社会保障环境、文化旅游环境视角构建乡村人居环境健康发展评价体系,采用熵值法、多因素综合评价法分别确定指标权重和功能分值,通过耦合协调度模型和系统协调度指数评价子系统间的协调发展程度,采用K-means聚类分析获取乡村人居环境健康发展水平的集聚情况,并进行规划分类与管理。研究表明:2006—2021年山西省乡村人居环境健康发展水平先上升后略微下降,功能分值由2006年的0.2862上升至2018年的0.6965,再下降至2021年的0.6113,但总体呈上升趋势。其中:2015—2021年,太原市、晋中市和长治市乡村人居环境发展水平变化趋稳,大同市总体向好;运城市略有回落;其他6市呈先升后降的变化趋势。以2018年为转折点,2006—2021年山西省乡村人居环境系统协调度指数先升后降,由2006年的1.7087上升至2018年的2.1268,再下降至2021年的1.9502。经济发展环境与生产生活环境子系统、经济发展环境与生态宜居环境子系统、生产生活环境与生态宜居环境子系统的耦合协调度持续上升,经济发展环境与社会保障环境子系统的耦合协调度先升后降,其余子系统之间的耦合协调度均呈“M”形波动发展。依据K-means聚类分析结果,本研究将2021年山西省各市乡村人居环境的健康发展程度划分为相对较差、中等、相对较好三类,并针对不同健康发展程度提出相应的乡村人居环境规划与管理措施。

In order to carry out the healthy development evaluation and regional planning classification of rural human settlements in Shanxi Province,11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi were taken as evaluation units,and an evaluation system for the healthy development of rural human settlements was constructed from the perspectives of economic development environment,production and living environment,ecological livable environment,social security environment and cultural tourism environment.The entropy method and multifactor comprehensive evaluation method were used to determine the weight and function scores of indicators respectively.The coordinated development degree among subsystems was evaluated by coupling coordination degree model and system coordination degree index.Kmeans cluster analysis was used to obtain the agglomeration of the healthy development level of rural human settlements,and the planning,classification and management were carried out.The research showed that the health development level of rural human settlements in Shanxi Province firstly increased and then decreased,from 0.2862 in 2006 to 0.6965 in 2018 and then to 0.6113 in 2021,but it still showed an upward trend in general.From 2015 to 2021,the health development level of rural human settlements was stable in Taiyuan,Jinzhong City and Changzhi City;Datong City was generally good;Yuncheng City fell slightly;The change trend of the other six cities rose first and then fell.Taking 2018 as the turning point,the coordination degree index of rural human settlements system in Shanxi Province from 2006 to 2021 firstly increased and then decreased,from 1.7087 in 2006 to 2.1268 in 2018 and then to 1.9502 in 2021.The coupling coordination degree between the economic development environment and the production and living environment subsystem,the economic development environment and the ecological livable environment subsystem,the production and living environment and the ecological livable environment subsystem continues to rise,the coupling coordination degree between the economic development environment and the social security environment subsystem first increases and then decreases,and the coupling coordination degree between the other subsystems shows a“M”shape evolution.According to K-means cluster analysis,the relative healthy development degree of rural human settlements in Shanxi Province in 2021 was divided into three sections:relatively poor,medium and relatively good,and the corresponding planning and management measures for rural human settlements were recommended according to different healthy development degrees.