复合生态系统理论视角下乡村生态景观营造路径探索

Exploring the path of rural ecological landscape construction from the perspective of a composite ecosystem

乡村作为以农林渔牧经营为主的社会-经济-自然复合生态系统,以人的活动为主导,自然子系统、社会子系统与经济子系统之间相互依存、制约与补偿,形成人类活动与自然之间的和谐共生关系。本文基于复合生态系统理论,阐释乡村社会-经济-自然系统的相互关系,探讨生态景观作为乡村生态基础设施的营造路径。通过梳理复合生态系统视角下乡村生态景观的自然性、经济性、社会性等基本属性,辨析其空间范畴、要素与功能、权属与生态权益等基本框架,厘清乡村生态景观营造的基本脉络和影响因素。以张家口市崇礼区石窑子乡为例,构建涵盖韧性评估、保育修复、价值转化、管控能力的乡村生态景观营造路径,针对林草交错地区的乡村生态条件和村庄发展特点,进行生态景观的韧性评估,划分林草植被恢复、农林机制重塑、村庄聚落人居3个区域,并提出生态保护修复、生态价值转化路径和生态管控能力提升策略,以期优化乡村生态景观营造方法,为乡村生态振兴和人居环境整治提升提供参考思路。

The rural area as a social–economic–natural complex ecosystem defined by agriculture,forestry,fishery,and animal husbandry is dominated by human activities.The rural area is interdependent,constrained,and compensated by natural,social,and economic subsystems,forming a harmonious symbiotic relationship between human activities and nature.Based on the theory of the complex ecosystem,this paper explains the interrelationships between rural social,economic,and natural systems and explores the path of creating ecological landscapes as rural ecological infrastructure.By sorting out the basic natural,economic,and social attributes of the rural ecological landscape from the perspective of an ecosystem,the basic framework of landscape construction,including spatial categories,elements,and functions as well as ownership and ecological rights of the landscape,is analyzed.Taking Shiyaozi Town of Chongli District,Zhangjiakou City as an example,the path of rural ecological landscape construction,including resilience assessment,conservation and restoration,value transformation,and management and control capacity,was constructed.The resilience assessment of the ecological landscape was conducted based on the ecological conditions and development characteristics of rural areas with interlaced forests and grassland.The research area was divided into three areas:forest and grass vegetation restoration,agricultural and forestry mechanism reshaping,and village settlement.Strategies for ecological protection and restoration,ecological value transformation paths,and ecological control capacity improvement were proposed.This study can provide a reference path for optimizing rural ecological landscape construction methods,rural ecological revitalization,and improvement of human settlements.