海南潜在世界自然遗产地的突出普遍价值初探

Exploration on the outstanding universal values ofHainan potential world natural heritage site

世界自然遗产地是全球最具有保护价值的自然保护地,强调全球突出普遍价值的完整性和在全球的唯一性。世界自然遗产有助于更好地保护生态系统的完整性和原真性,促进人类与自然的可持续发展。该研究在大量文献资料的基础上,以海南潜在世界自然遗产地(海南热带雨林国家公园)原生动植物及植被群落(亚洲北缘热带雨林)为研究对象,从植被类型、物种多样性、区系组成、特有种等生物生态过程方面,评估海南潜在世界自然遗产地的全球突出普遍价值。结果表明:(1)海南潜在世界自然遗产地分布有3 653种野生维管植物,资源植物种类丰富。陆栖脊椎动物有540种,各类野生动物占全国的比例高达10%~30%,生物多样性极高。(2)植物区系独特,海南岛的热带雨林植被区划属于印度-马来雨林群系,属马来区的部分呈现出热带性和与中国华南大陆的共源性显示出明显的热带边缘性质,为中国华南植物区系与亚洲热带雨林的过渡类型。(3)植物区系中的植物物种特有性较低,特有属仅有7个,特有种仅约占岛内植物的1/10,较低的特有性表明了其大陆起源特征,是生物多样性不可替代的元素,具有鲜明的环境指示特色。该研究明确了海南潜在世界自然遗产地在全球背景下的突出普遍价值,为海南未来申遗提供科学依据和技术支撑。

World natural heritage sites are some of the most important and valuable protected areas in the world,and their designation aims to give recognition to the uniqueness and protect the integrity of the sites,which are of global outstanding universal value.Understanding the global uniqueness and value of natural heritage will help to better manage and protect them,support the functioning of ecosystems,and promote sustainable development of humans and nature.A systematic review was conducted to determine the potential for the Hainan tropical rainforest to become a world natural heritage site.Based on a large number of literatures,we took the native plants,animals and vegetation communities of Hainan’s potential natural world heritage site(Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park)as the research objects,and evaluated the global outstanding universal value of Hainan’s potential natural world heritage site from the aspects of biological ecological processes such as vegetation types,species diversity,fauna composition and endemic species.The results are as follows:(1)Hainan potential world natural heritage site has 3653 vascular plant species.There are 540 species of terrestrial vertebrates,which account for 10%-30%of the wild animal species in the country.This indicates that biodiversity in this area is extremely high.(2)The flora found in the Hainan tropical rainforest is unique.Vegetation on Hainan Island can be categorized in the Indo-Malay rainforest group,and within the Malay region,and vegetation is tropical in nature and has a common origin with the South China mainland.This is indicative of the transition between the South China flora into the Asian rainforest.(3)The plant species specificity of flora is lower,there are only seven endemic genera in the flora,and about one out of every 10 species is endemic to the island.Lower specificity shows some characteristics of continental origin and the flora on the island are an irreplaceable element of biodiversity,and make up a valuable ecosystem.This study clarifies the outstanding universal values of the Hainan tropical rainforest and makes the case using empirical scientific evidence for nominating this area as a world natural heritage site.