主轴轴承预紧力智能调控组件设计及性能分析

Intelligent Control Component of Spindle Bearing Preload Innovative Design and Performance Test

针对可控预紧主轴预紧力控制单元模块化和互换性方面的不足,提出一种具有适配性强、响应快、分辨率高等优点的主轴预紧力智能调控组件。开发调控组件控制系统,实现主轴的预紧力闭环控制。建立几何模型,使用模态叠加法对主轴进行谐响应分析,验证基于调控组件的主轴轴承预紧力智能控制的可行性以及在主轴振动抑制方面的有效性。建立主轴热力学模型,分析在不同预紧方式下调控组件对主轴轴承温升的影响规律。结果表明,在参数设置范围内,调控组件的预紧力控制分辨率为6 N,阶跃响应时间为200 ms,具有良好的控制精度;对比定压预紧,基于调控组件的主轴轴承预紧力主动控制方法有效降低主轴振动约13%,在主轴中、高速运行区间,降低轴承温度约7℃。为数控机床电主轴预紧力的智能调控提供一种可行的方法。

Aiming at the shortcomings of modularization and interchangeability of the controllable preload control unit of the main shaft,an intelligent control module of the main shaft preload with the advantages of strong adaptability,fast response and high resolution is proposed.Develop the control system of the regulating component to realize the closed-loop control of the preload of the main shaft.The geometric model is established,and the harmonic response of the main shaft is analyzed using the modal superposition method to verify the feasibility of the intelligent control of the preload of the main shaft bearing based on the control component and the effectiveness in the vibration suppression of the main shaft.The thermodynamic model of the main shaft is established to analyze the influence of the control components on the temperature rise of the main shaft bearing under different preloading modes.The results show that the preload control resolution of the control module is 6 N,the step response time is 200 ms,and the control accuracy is good within the parameter setting range;Compared with the constant pressure preload,the active control method of the preload of the main shaft bearing based on the control component effectively reduces the vibration of the main shaft by about 13%,and reduces the bearing temperature by about 7℃in the middle and high speed operation range of the main shaft.It provides a feasible method for the intelligent control of the preload of the electric spindle of CNC machine tools.