全基因组关联分析在绵羊遗传育种研究中的应用

Application of Genome-Wide Association Study in Sheep Genetics and Breeding

全基因组关联分析(GWAS)对畜牧业发展具有重要意义,随着测序技术的发展与分析软件的不断完善,该技术已广泛应用于猪、牛、羊等家畜遗传育种中。科研人员利用GWAS对绵羊群体进行分析,通过在全基因组水平探究影响重要经济性状的基因位点,最终挖掘和标识在育种中有价值的主效基因。本文简要介绍了GWAS的基本流程,重点概述了利用GWAS挖掘影响绵羊重要经济性状的关键基因位点,包括绵羊的产羔数、体重体尺性状、尾脂沉积、脂肪沉积、泌乳性状、角型性状、羊毛性状、相关疾病等性状的研究成果,并对不足之处与未来发展趋势进行总结与展望,以期为我国绵羊产业的发展起到推动作用。

Genome-wide association study is important for the development of livestock industry.With the development of the sequencing technology and the analysis software,this technology has been widely used in the genetic breeding of livestock such as pigs,cattle and sheep.Researchers have used the GWAS to analyze sheep by exploring genetic loci affecting economic traits at the genome-wide level,and finally mining and identifying the main effect genes in breeding.This work briefly introduces the basic GWAS process and highlights the results of using GWAS to explore key loci affecting economic traits in sheep,including litter size,body weight,body size,tail fat deposition,fat deposition,lactation traits,horn traits,wool traits,and diseases.We also summarize the shortcomings and future development trends in order to promote the development of sheep industry in China.