核酸适配体在氮杂螺环酸检测中的应用与展望

Applications and Perspectives of Aptamers in the Detection of Azaspiracids

氮杂螺环酸(azaspiracids,AZAs)是贝类滤食有毒微藻后产生的一种典型的海洋毒素,严重影响到人们的食品安全和人身安全。传统分析技术在时效性与便携度方面已经无法满足贝类食品从捕捞后快速进入餐桌的市场需求,极大限制了AZAs检测的要求和贝类产品市场准入。随着核酸适配体分析技术的兴起与快速发展,为小分子毒素AZAs的检测技术提供了一种新的解决方案。本文主要从AZAs的化学结构与毒性、传统检测方法与局限性、核酸适配体原理、分析检测技术以及核酸适配体与纳米载体的结合方式等方面总结了近十年核酸适配体技术在AZAs检测方面的发展与应用,为核酸适配体检测技术在海洋毒素快速检测等方面提供新思路。

Azaspiracids(ASAs)are a typical marine toxin produced by shellfish that filter feed on toxic microalgae and have a serious impact on food safety and human health.Traditional analytical techniques have failed to meet the market demand for rapid access to shellfish from harvesting to the table in terms of timeliness and portability,greatly limiting the requirements for AZAs detection and market access for shellfish products.The rise and rapid development of nucleic acid aptamer analysis has provided a new solution for the detection of the small molecule toxin AZAs.This paper summarizes the development and application of nucleic acid aptamer technology in the detection of AZAs in the last decade,mainly from the chemical structure and toxicity of AZAs,traditional detection methods and limitations,nucleic acid aptamer analysis and detection techniques,as well as the combination of nucleic acid aptamer and nanocarriers,to provide new ideas for the rapid detection of marine toxins by nucleic acid aptamer detection technology.