营养健康视角下的中国粮食自给率测算及应用

Calculation and Application of China's Grain Self-sufficiency Rate from the Perspective of Nutrition and Health

随着人民生活品质不断提高,营养健康成为粮食安全的新关注点。通过反映营养健康的体质指数(BMI),关联平衡膳食,得到不同群体的营养满足程度,测算出具有营养健康特性的粮食自给率,并与其他测算方式相比较,分析粮食净进口对营养健康的影响。研究发现,2008~2018年,中国仍有10%左右人口营养不足,超重、肥胖人口比例持续增加;中国居民膳食结构不合理,薯类消费不足;肉类消费远超平衡膳食范围,造成过度摄入;现有膳食消费模式转向平衡膳食模式能有效提高粮食自给率;粮食安全内外循环总体正常,不同类别食物净进口对营养健康影响差异较大。建议有关部门制定针对营养不足人口的营养支持计划;建立粮食过度浪费与粮食供给不足之间的调节机制;倡导平衡膳食模式;采取措施增产奶类及奶制品、大豆及豆制品、薯类和水产类等食物,以提高人民健康饮食水平。

As people's quality of life improves,nutrition and health become a new key factors in food consumption.The body mass index(BMI)was used as an indicator of nutrition and health,corresponds with the balanced diet standard,to obtain the individual degree of satisfaction with grains of different groups,calculate the grain self-sufficiency rate considering nutrition and health,compare the grain self-sufficiency rate with other methods of calculation,and analyze the impact of net food imports on nutritional health.The main findings are:from 2008 to 2018,about 10%Chinese were still undernourished,while the proportion of overweight and obese people continued to increase;the dietary structure of Chinese residents was unreasonable and potato consumption was insufficient,indicating the poor implementation of China's potato staple food strategy;the meat consumption exceeded the scope of the balanced diet,resulting in excessive and unhealthy consumption of food;Shifting from the existing dietary consumption pattern to a balanced diet could effectively improve the grain self-sufficiency rate;the internal and external circulation of food security was generally normal,and there were variations in the impact of net imports of different types of food on nutrition and health.It is recommended that the government should create nutritional support programs for undernourished populations,and establish an adjustment mechanism to balance excessive food waste and insufficient food supply,promote food saving and healthy eating,advocate a balanced diet model,and boost the production of milk and milk products,soybeans and bean products,potatoes and aquatic products.