冶金废渣堆放地重金属迁移特征研究

Research on the Migration Characteristics of Heavy Metals in metallurgical waste dumps

冶金废渣中含有多种重金属元素,在自然环境和人类活动影响下会向周边环境迁移,其长期大量的堆放会对周边环境造成不同程度的污染.以高炉渣堆放场地周边土壤为研究对象,沿横剖面及纵剖面分析周边土壤中重金属污染情况,通过重金属含量的分布情况分析高炉渣中重金属在自然环境和人类活动影响下的迁移特征.研究结果表明,在横纵剖面均存在重金属迁移,在横剖面重金属含量随距离的增加呈现先累积后减少的趋势,Al、Mn元素在横向上对环境的影响范围在500 m以内,Fe、Cu、Zn和Pb元素在横向上影响范围在800m以内,但都不存在污染风险;在喷淋水流终点处纵剖面上重金属在土壤表层富集,重金属含量均随着深度总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势,主要影响深度为0~60 cm,表层土壤中Pb、Zn因富集而存在污染风险.

Many metals in metallurgical waste migrate to surrounding under the influence of natural environment and activities.Therefore,long-term stacking will cause varying degrees of impact on the surrounding environment.This study takes the around the site of blast furnace slag stacking as the research object,and the heavy metal pollution in the surrounding soil was analyzed along the transverse and longitudinal sections.Based on the distribution of heavy metal content,the migration characteristics of heavy metal in blast furnace slag under the influence of natural environment and human activities was analyzed.The results show that there is heavy metal migration in both the transverse and longitudinal sections,and the heavy metal content in the transverse section firstly accumulates and then decreases with the increase of distance.The influence range of Al and Mn elements on the environment in the transverse section is within 500 m,and the influence range of Fe,Cu,Zn and Pb elements on the environment in the transverse section is within 800 m.But there is no risk of contamination.Heavy metals accumulate in the soil surface in the longitudinal section at the end of the spray flow,the content of heavy metals showed a gradually decreasing trend with the depth.The main influence depth is 0~60cm,Therefore Pb and Zn in surface soil are polluted because of enrichment.