南非戏剧《你好,再见》的创伤书写研究

A Study on Trauma Writing in the South African Play Hello and Goodbye

南非当代著名戏剧家阿索尔·富加德的剧作《你好,再见》聚焦种族隔离时期南非贫穷白人家庭的创伤经历,以离家多年的白人女性海斯特返乡搜寻父亲的赔偿金为主线,逐步向戏剧受众还原了底层白人的身份焦虑和生存危机。本文紧扣剧中人物的创伤记忆,从其表征、成因和疗救这三个方面进行了系统探讨。研究表明,创伤既是主人公的主要特质,又是以她为代表的族群的集体症候,还是推动剧情演绎的强劲内驱力。在创伤的书写过程中,剧作家以文学见证的方式直面种族创伤的黑暗历史,义无反顾地承担了作家的伦理责任。由此可见,富加德的创伤书写表现了他深邃的伦理道德思考、敏锐的人性洞察力和精湛的艺术处理技巧,具有极为广阔的研究空间。

The play Hello and Goodbye,writen by the famous South African contemporary playwright Athol Fugard,focuses on the traumatic experience of a poor white South African family during the apartheid era.It takes Hester,a white woman who had left home for several years and returned to seek her father's compensation,as its main narrative line.The play gradually shows the identity anxiety and survival crisis of poor white people to the audience.This paper focuses on the traumatic memory of the characters in the play and makes an in-depth study from the perspective of traumatic representation,cause and treatment.Research shows that trauma is not only the main characteristic of the protagonist,but also a collective symptom of the ethnic group she represents,and it is also a powerful driving force for plot development.In the process of writing Trauma,the playwright confronts the dark history of racial trauma as a literary witness and takes on the ethical responsibility of a writer.It can be seen that Fugard's trauma writing reflects his profound ethical and moral thinking,keen insight into human nature and exquisite artistic processing skills,which has a very broad research space.